a Flemish Baroque landscape painter, draughtsman, engraver and tapestry designer. He came from a family of painters. He became a master of the Brussels Guild of St. Luke in 1628. In 1644 he obtained from the Brussels city authorities a privilege to make tapestry cartoons. He made cartoons principally for the Brussels weaving workshops of Jan Cordijs and Boud...

a Flemish Baroque landscape painter, draughtsman, engraver and tapestry designer. He came from a family of painters. He became a master of the Brussels Guild of St. Luke in 1628. In 1644 he obtained from the Brussels city authorities a privilege to make tapestry cartoons. He made cartoons principally for the Brussels weaving workshops of Jan Cordijs and Boudewijn van Beveren.

a Flemish painter of mainly landscapes, portraits and allegorical scenes. His landscapes generally followed the conventions of composition, with panoramic scenes from a high viewpoint. He relied, however, more on first-hand observation of nature and he made paintings of actual places, rather than the fantastic landscapes of other Flemish landscape painters. ...

a Flemish painter of mainly landscapes, portraits and allegorical scenes. His landscapes generally followed the conventions of composition, with panoramic scenes from a high viewpoint. He relied, however, more on first-hand observation of nature and he made paintings of actual places, rather than the fantastic landscapes of other Flemish landscape painters. He also painted portraits for his patron Emperor Matthias.

a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver. He painted a series of 4 paintings showing a doctor as angel, Christ, a man, and the devil; these were all based on engravings by Goltzius. These paintings are now in the possession of the Boerhaave Museum, which has other similar series on display. He also made a series of 4 paintings about relief for the poor, now i...

a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver. He painted a series of 4 paintings showing a doctor as angel, Christ, a man, and the devil; these were all based on engravings by Goltzius. These paintings are now in the possession of the Boerhaave Museum, which has other similar series on display. He also made a series of 4 paintings about relief for the poor, now in the possession of the Amsterdam Historical Museum.

a Spanish painter and engraver of the Baroque period, active in Seville. He became mathematical master of the Marine College at Cádiz, but continued the exercise of the pencil and graver until his death there. He also painted pictures of Saints and portraits, several of which he engraved; among them were the portraits of Father Francisca Tamariz and of the ...

a Spanish painter and engraver of the Baroque period, active in Seville. He became mathematical master of the Marine College at Cádiz, but continued the exercise of the pencil and graver until his death there. He also painted pictures of Saints and portraits, several of which he engraved; among them were the portraits of Father Francisca Tamariz and of the philanthropist Manara, one of his prominent painting was the Spanish victory in the Battle of Lepanto.

an Italian violinist, painter, poet, and composer, though he is known chiefly as a composer of inventive instrumental music. He studied under Giovanni Bononcini in Rome between 1692 and 1697. From 1710 to 1727 he served as ‘Suonator di Violino, e Componitore di Musica’ to Prince Michelangelo Caetani. He also succeeded Corelli as director of the concertin...

an Italian violinist, painter, poet, and composer, though he is known chiefly as a composer of inventive instrumental music. He studied under Giovanni Bononcini in Rome between 1692 and 1697. From 1710 to 1727 he served as ‘Suonator di Violino, e Componitore di Musica’ to Prince Michelangelo Caetani. He also succeeded Corelli as director of the concertino at San Luigi dei Francesi, from 1710 to 1741. Though during his lifetime overshadowed by the likes of Corelli, Antonio Vivaldi, and Locatelli, his contribution to Italian baroque music is noteworthy, and many of his works were published throughout Europe.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. In 1698 he worked in Vienna for the Prince of Liechtenstein, and from 1706-1707 he travelled to Surinam to draw the native plants and birds for the wealthy city secretary of Amsterdam, Jonas Witsen, who owned a plantation there and whom he met through his teacher Musscher. He is known for exotic landscapes, paintings of birds, and...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. In 1698 he worked in Vienna for the Prince of Liechtenstein, and from 1706-1707 he travelled to Surinam to draw the native plants and birds for the wealthy city secretary of Amsterdam, Jonas Witsen, who owned a plantation there and whom he met through his teacher Musscher. He is known for exotic landscapes, paintings of birds, and fruit and flower still lifes.

an 18th-century French painter best known for still lifes. She achieved fame and recognition very early in her career, being admitted to the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1770, at the age of twenty-six. Despite the low status that still life painting had at this time, Vallayer-Coster’s highly developed skills, especially in the depiction ...

an 18th-century French painter best known for still lifes. She achieved fame and recognition very early in her career, being admitted to the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1770, at the age of twenty-six. Despite the low status that still life painting had at this time, Vallayer-Coster’s highly developed skills, especially in the depiction of flowers, soon generated a great deal of attention from collectors and other artists.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. He was born at Delft, the son of the portrait painter Jan van Asch and joined the Guild of St. Luke in 1623. He specialized in small landscapes, but his productivity was hampered by caring for his parents. The city of Delft paid him 100 guilders for a schoorsteenstuk or overmantel piece in the City Hall known as the Prinsenhof. H...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. He was born at Delft, the son of the portrait painter Jan van Asch and joined the Guild of St. Luke in 1623. He specialized in small landscapes, but his productivity was hampered by caring for his parents. The city of Delft paid him 100 guilders for a schoorsteenstuk or overmantel piece in the City Hall known as the Prinsenhof. He died and was buried in his home town of Delft.

a Flemish Baroque painter and stained glass designer. He played an important role in the renewal of Flemish painting in the early 17th century and was one of the teachers of Anthony van Dyck. Hendrick van Balen also painted mythological or biblical scenes on small plates or copper plates. His works often included nude figures in a mythological or religious s...

a Flemish Baroque painter and stained glass designer. He played an important role in the renewal of Flemish painting in the early 17th century and was one of the teachers of Anthony van Dyck. Hendrick van Balen also painted mythological or biblical scenes on small plates or copper plates. His works often included nude figures in a mythological or religious scene, set in an idyllic setting. He also painted landscapes.

a Flemish painter. Hendrick van Balen the Younger was principally a history painter. He travelled extensively and resided in Tours from 1645 to 1648, in Rome in January 1653 and in Genua in November 1653. He was recorded in France until 1661 and returned home to Antwerp shortly before his death. He seems to have had difficulty supporting himself from his art...

a Flemish painter. Hendrick van Balen the Younger was principally a history painter. He travelled extensively and resided in Tours from 1645 to 1648, in Rome in January 1653 and in Genua in November 1653. He was recorded in France until 1661 and returned home to Antwerp shortly before his death. He seems to have had difficulty supporting himself from his art and had to rely on financial support from his brother Jan and brother-in-law Theodoor van Thulden for his living expenses while in Italy.

a Dutch marine painter, active in England and later in France, where he became a member of the Academy in 1681.His earliest dated work, a capriccio view of Antwerp was painted in 1673. His paintings usually depict warships and battles out at sea, or scenes of harbours with palatial classical buildings standing directly on the waterfront. Most of his pictures...

a Dutch marine painter, active in England and later in France, where he became a member of the Academy in 1681.His earliest dated work, a capriccio view of Antwerp was painted in 1673. His paintings usually depict warships and battles out at sea, or scenes of harbours with palatial classical buildings standing directly on the waterfront. Most of his pictures of 1677–9 are of English subjects. Van Beecq was in Paris by July 1680, when he presented a painting at a meeting of the Académie royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, of which he became a member on 26 April 1681.

a Dutch painter, draftsman and lithographer, known especially for his seascapes. In the summers of 1843 and the two following years he made with Prince Henry, brother of King William III, some long trips with the Navy to the Mediterranean Sea and the North. He als...

a Dutch painter, draftsman and lithographer, known especially for his seascapes. In the summers of 1843 and the two following years he made with Prince Henry, brother of King William III, some long trips with the Navy to the Mediterranean Sea and the North. He also visited Morocco and Iceland. In 1844 he traveled along the coasts of South America. Many of his later works based on drawings he made during the various tours.

a Dutch Baroque painter. Little recognized in his day, he is now considered one of the most important painters of still lifes, and in particular still lifes of fish and so-called 'pronkstillevens', i.e. still lifes of luxurious objects. Van Beijeren’s initial works were marine and fish still life paintings. These were not very well paid at the time and the...

a Dutch Baroque painter. Little recognized in his day, he is now considered one of the most important painters of still lifes, and in particular still lifes of fish and so-called 'pronkstillevens', i.e. still lifes of luxurious objects. Van Beijeren’s initial works were marine and fish still life paintings. These were not very well paid at the time and the relative poverty of van Beijeren may explain his frequent moves from one place to another. He resided in Delft from 1657 where he joined the local Guild of Saint Luke. In 1663 he returned to The Hague where he remained until 1669 when he moved to Amsterdam.

a Dutch painter whose style was influenced initially by Caravaggio. Jan van Bijlert was a very prolific painter who left some 200 pictures. Upon his return from Rome he, like other Utrecht artists who had come under the influence of Caravaggio's work, painted in a s...

a Dutch painter whose style was influenced initially by Caravaggio. Jan van Bijlert was a very prolific painter who left some 200 pictures. Upon his return from Rome he, like other Utrecht artists who had come under the influence of Caravaggio's work, painted in a style derived from that of Caravaggio. Around 1630 van Bijlert turned to a more classicising style, possibly under the influence of Cornelis van Poelenburch. His colours became lighter and his subject matter became more elevated such as religious scenes. In the 1630s he also painted compositions with small figures, usually representing genre scenes of brothels or musical gatherings.

a Flemish landscape painter mainly active in Rome. Here he was able to establish himself as the leading painter of views (vedute) of the Roman countryside depicted in the aesthetic of the classical landscape tradition. Van Bloemen predominantly painted classical landscapes, taking his inspiration from the Roman Campagna. His landscapes, with their recession ...

a Flemish landscape painter mainly active in Rome. Here he was able to establish himself as the leading painter of views (vedute) of the Roman countryside depicted in the aesthetic of the classical landscape tradition. Van Bloemen predominantly painted classical landscapes, taking his inspiration from the Roman Campagna. His landscapes, with their recession through a series of planes, soft, warm lightning and classical and religious subject matter, drew on the examples of artists such as Claude Lorrain and Gaspard Dughet. His paintings are exquisitely imbued with that "difficult-to-define pastoral ambience" which helped to make him such a great painter in the eyes of his contemporaries.

a Flemish painter and draughtsman who worked mainly in Italy and the Dutch Republic. He is known for his Italianizing landscapes and genre scenes reminiscent of the style of the low-life paintings of the Bamboccianti. He also painted portraits and some history paintings. Norbert never seems to have been able to achieve the same level of success as his prolif...

a Flemish painter and draughtsman who worked mainly in Italy and the Dutch Republic. He is known for his Italianizing landscapes and genre scenes reminiscent of the style of the low-life paintings of the Bamboccianti. He also painted portraits and some history paintings. Norbert never seems to have been able to achieve the same level of success as his prolific brothers Pieter and Jan Frans whose works were highly prized during their lifetime and can now be found in prestigious international collections. It is believed he left Rome and Italy because of a lack of success in those cities.

a Flemish painter. He was a gifted landscape and animal painter and was very successful with his compositions depicting equestrian, animal and market scenes. A prolific painter, van Bloemen was at his best painting animals, although he also produced a wide range of landscape, genre, equestrian, military and history scenes. He carried on the tradition of Ital...

a Flemish painter. He was a gifted landscape and animal painter and was very successful with his compositions depicting equestrian, animal and market scenes. A prolific painter, van Bloemen was at his best painting animals, although he also produced a wide range of landscape, genre, equestrian, military and history scenes. He carried on the tradition of Italianizing landscape paintings of the Roman Campagna representing inns, ruins and animals. A portion of his output paintings also stand in the tradition of the 'bamboccianti', a group of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists active in Rome whose small works depicted trivial or base subjects.

a Dutch painter. He was especially known for his romantic cityscapes. Van Bommel studied at the State Academy Amsterdam with the landscape painter Andrew Roth. He worked in the style of romanticism. Influenced by Roth himself he initially painted mostly landscapes. He also made river and beach scenes. In 1850, however, he switched to refined elaborate citysc...

a Dutch painter. He was especially known for his romantic cityscapes. Van Bommel studied at the State Academy Amsterdam with the landscape painter Andrew Roth. He worked in the style of romanticism. Influenced by Roth himself he initially painted mostly landscapes. He also made river and beach scenes. In 1850, however, he switched to refined elaborate cityscapes, usually with a lot of hustle and liveliness, with a sense of monumentality.

a Dutch landscape painter, often associated with the Hague School. At the age of thirteen, he presented his first landscape at one of his father's exhibitions in Groningen and would continue to exhibit frequently throughout his life. In 1855, he moved to The Hague, seeking a more affluent clientele, and joined the Pulchri Studio. During his time at the studi...

a Dutch landscape painter, often associated with the Hague School. At the age of thirteen, he presented his first landscape at one of his father's exhibitions in Groningen and would continue to exhibit frequently throughout his life. In 1855, he moved to The Hague, seeking a more affluent clientele, and joined the Pulchri Studio. During his time at the studio, he held several positions, such as Librarian, Secretary and Treasurer. From 1857, his primary subjects would be what he referred to as "Wicker, wolken en fladderende riet" (Meadows, clouds and fluttering reeds).

a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter. According to the Netherlands Institute for Art History (RKD), he was an Italianate landscape painter who copied the works of popular landscape painters of his day in Amsterdam such as Jacob van Ruisdael, Paulus Potter, Aelbe...

a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter. According to the Netherlands Institute for Art History (RKD), he was an Italianate landscape painter who copied the works of popular landscape painters of his day in Amsterdam such as Jacob van Ruisdael, Paulus Potter, Aelbert Cuyp (church interiors), Nicolaes Berchem, Philips Koninck, Jan Wijnants, Aert van der Neer (moonlit landscapes), Marseus van Schrieck and Cornelis Vroom. He lived and worked in Amsterdam, but made a trip in 1650-1655 along the Rhine and spent time in Kleve. He was buried in the Westerkerk. He was probably a pupil of Rembrandt in the years 1645-1650.

a Flemish painter known for Italianate landscapes and genre scenes of fairs, cattle markets and villages. He was a prominent member of the Antwerp artistic family van Bredael. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of genres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festi...

a Flemish painter known for Italianate landscapes and genre scenes of fairs, cattle markets and villages. He was a prominent member of the Antwerp artistic family van Bredael. Alexander van Bredael painted in a wide variety of genres including cattle market scenes, Italianate landscapes and village scenes. He is probably best known for his depiction of festivals and processions set in his native Antwerp. He produced designs for the tapestry workshops in Oudenaarde. In 1698 he is recorded as supplying designs for six tapestries with genre scenes depicting peasants and gypsies.

a Flemish painter known for his landscapes, battle scenes and equestrian paintings. In his lifetime Bredael enjoyed an excellent reputation and King Louis XV of France is reported to have commissioned four works from him. Jan Frans van Bredael painted in a variety of genres including history and religious painting. However, he is best known for his landscape...

a Flemish painter known for his landscapes, battle scenes and equestrian paintings. In his lifetime Bredael enjoyed an excellent reputation and King Louis XV of France is reported to have commissioned four works from him. Jan Frans van Bredael painted in a variety of genres including history and religious painting. However, he is best known for his landscapes with genre scenes, battle and hunting scenes and equestrian paintings. While he initially mainly copied works of Wouwerman and Brueghel, Jan Frans van Bredael was able to develop his own style.

a Flemish painter known for his cavalry battle scenes and landscapes with genre scenes of village festivals and fairs. Jan Pieter van Bredael was born into an artist family in Antwerp as the eldest son of Joris van Bredael and Johanna Maria van Diepenbeeck. His father, his grandfather Peeter van Bredael as well as his uncles Jan Frans van Bredael and Jan Pee...

a Flemish painter known for his cavalry battle scenes and landscapes with genre scenes of village festivals and fairs. Jan Pieter van Bredael was born into an artist family in Antwerp as the eldest son of Joris van Bredael and Johanna Maria van Diepenbeeck. His father, his grandfather Peeter van Bredael as well as his uncles Jan Frans van Bredael and Jan Peeter the Elder were all painters. In a time of increased conflict with the Ottoman Empire there was a significant demand for paintings depicting battles between Christian and Turkish forces. His patron Prince Eugene was an important general in the war against the Ottomans and commissioned from Jan Pieter several pictures on this subject as well as of hunting scenes.

a Flemish painter known for his cityscapes and battle scenes. He was a member of the prominent artistic family van Bredael. He was born in Antwerp into an artist family as the second son of Peeter van Bredael, a well-known painter specializing in market scenes and village feasts set in Italianate landscapes. His mother was An Veldener, the daughter of the sc...

a Flemish painter known for his cityscapes and battle scenes. He was a member of the prominent artistic family van Bredael. He was born in Antwerp into an artist family as the second son of Peeter van Bredael, a well-known painter specializing in market scenes and village feasts set in Italianate landscapes. His mother was An Veldener, the daughter of the sculptor Jennyn Veldener. Two of his brothers, Jan Peeter the Elder and Alexander became painters. Joris likely trained under his father. He became a member of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1684.

a Flemish painter known for Italianate landscapes and genre scenes of fairs, cattle markets and villages. Joseph Bredael painted mostly landscapes and battles and made both copies and pastiches of compositions of 17th-century painters who were still popular in the 18th century such as Jan Brueghel the Elder, Philips Wouwerman and Claude. He paid particular a...

a Flemish painter known for Italianate landscapes and genre scenes of fairs, cattle markets and villages. Joseph Bredael painted mostly landscapes and battles and made both copies and pastiches of compositions of 17th-century painters who were still popular in the 18th century such as Jan Brueghel the Elder, Philips Wouwerman and Claude. He paid particular attention to detail, meticulously executing his figures and décor in the style of a miniaturist. He was able to create the illusion of a succession of planes in his compositions through the use of lateral screens and a subtle and nuanced palette, which tended towards tones of dominant blues and browns, though always gentle and subtle.

a Flemish painter specializing in market scenes and village feasts set in Italianate landscapes or contemporary, usually, urban environments. He mainly painted Roman cattle markets amidst a landscape of buildings, often ruins from Antiquity, Italian pastoral landscapes and less often battle pieces. He also depicted genre scenes such as village festivals, pro...

a Flemish painter specializing in market scenes and village feasts set in Italianate landscapes or contemporary, usually, urban environments. He mainly painted Roman cattle markets amidst a landscape of buildings, often ruins from Antiquity, Italian pastoral landscapes and less often battle pieces. He also depicted genre scenes such as village festivals, processions and a commedia del’arte scene. He worked as a copyist and is known to have copied battle scenes of the Dutch painter Philips Wouwerman.

a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver. He is considered today to be a minor member of the Utrecht Caravaggisti. apprenticed as an eleven-year-old with the glass engraver Verburgh in Utrecht. He worked with him for 6 months and worked with two other Utrecht glassworkers before embarking on a Grand Tour in 1620. He did not get far before he was offered work ...

a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver. He is considered today to be a minor member of the Utrecht Caravaggisti. apprenticed as an eleven-year-old with the glass engraver Verburgh in Utrecht. He worked with him for 6 months and worked with two other Utrecht glassworkers before embarking on a Grand Tour in 1620. He did not get far before he was offered work in Arras by the glassworker Peeter Matthys. After six months, he continued on to Paris in 1620, where he worked with the glassworker Chamu. He returned to Utrecht in 1622, where Cornelis Poelenburg taught him to paint.

a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death ...

a Flemish painter mainly known for his genre paintings and still lifes. Jan van Buken was born in Antwerp. He became a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1658 where he was registered under the name 'Jan van Beucken'. In the period from 1666 to 1682 he worked in Rome while regularly travelling back to Antwerp. He returned to live in Antwerp after the death of his parents. He painted mainly genre scenes and still lifes. The genre scenes cover the whole range of farm, kitchen and market scenes often including still lifes of food, game and fruit. He also painted still lifes of game, fish, food and flowers.

a Dutch artist and architect of the Golden Age. Being of noble birth and with time on his hands, he took up painting mainly as a pastime. Van Campen's first known building was the Coymans house built in 1625 in Amsterdam. Van Campen worked as an architect, a painter and a designer of decorative schemes, like that for the church organ in Alkmaar. His art also...

a Dutch artist and architect of the Golden Age. Being of noble birth and with time on his hands, he took up painting mainly as a pastime. Van Campen's first known building was the Coymans house built in 1625 in Amsterdam. Van Campen worked as an architect, a painter and a designer of decorative schemes, like that for the church organ in Alkmaar. His art also influenced sculpture.

a Netherlandish painter. He was the son of Joos van Cleve. From a 1604 writing by Karel van Mander, in which he is misnamed Joos van Cleef geheeten den Sotten Cleef, we learn that Sotte Cleef moved to England around 1555, where he managed to get some commissi...

a Netherlandish painter. He was the son of Joos van Cleve. From a 1604 writing by Karel van Mander, in which he is misnamed Joos van Cleef geheeten den Sotten Cleef, we learn that Sotte Cleef moved to England around 1555, where he managed to get some commission from the royal court. His painting L'adoration des mages, descends from the tradition of Joos van Cleve. In general his paintings show influences from Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci and Andrea del Sarto. His painting Virgin and Child is exposed at the Fitzwilliam Museum.

a Flemish painter and engraver. He was the son and pupil of Willem van Cleve the Elder, and the elder brother of Marten van Cleve the Elder and of Willem Van Cleve the Younger. He is called "the third" to differentiate him from Hendrik van Cleve I (registered as a master of the Guild of St. Luke 1489/90) and Hendrick II (Guild of St. Luke, 1534), about whom ...

a Flemish painter and engraver. He was the son and pupil of Willem van Cleve the Elder, and the elder brother of Marten van Cleve the Elder and of Willem Van Cleve the Younger. He is called "the third" to differentiate him from Hendrik van Cleve I (registered as a master of the Guild of St. Luke 1489/90) and Hendrick II (Guild of St. Luke, 1534), about whom little else is known. Hendrick III went to Italy when young, and returned to his native country a good painter of landscapes. His pictures are distinguished by an uncommon lightness of touch, and an excellent tone of colour.

a painter active in Antwerp around 1511 to 1540. He is known for combining traditional Netherlandish painting techniques with influences of more contemporary Renaissance painting styles. An active member and co-deacon of the Guild of Saint Luke of Antwerp, he is known mostly for his religious works and portraits of royalty. As a skilled technician, his art s...

a painter active in Antwerp around 1511 to 1540. He is known for combining traditional Netherlandish painting techniques with influences of more contemporary Renaissance painting styles. An active member and co-deacon of the Guild of Saint Luke of Antwerp, he is known mostly for his religious works and portraits of royalty. As a skilled technician, his art shows sensitivity to color and a unique solidarity of figures. He was one of the first to introduce broad landscapes in the backgrounds of his paintings, which would become a popular technique of sixteenth century northern Renaissance paintings.

a Flemish painter and draftsman active in Antwerp between 1551 and 1581. Van Cleve is mainly known for his genre scenes with peasants and landscapes, which show a certain resemblance with the work of Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Marten van Cleve was one of the leading Flemish artists of his generation. His subjects and compositions were an important influence o...

a Flemish painter and draftsman active in Antwerp between 1551 and 1581. Van Cleve is mainly known for his genre scenes with peasants and landscapes, which show a certain resemblance with the work of Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Marten van Cleve was one of the leading Flemish artists of his generation. His subjects and compositions were an important influence on the work of Pieter Brueghel the Younger and other genre painters of his generation.

a Flemish painter and draughtsman active in Antwerp in the middle of the 16th century and an important contributor to the development of landscape art in the Low Countries. Only a few works by Cornelis van Dalem are known. The majority of these are landscapes. His oeuvre also includes a few genres scenes and possibly an architectural painting of a church int...

a Flemish painter and draughtsman active in Antwerp in the middle of the 16th century and an important contributor to the development of landscape art in the Low Countries. Only a few works by Cornelis van Dalem are known. The majority of these are landscapes. His oeuvre also includes a few genres scenes and possibly an architectural painting of a church interior.

a Dutch Golden Age painter of seascapes and winter landscapes, also notable as an industrialist and art collector. He is "now considered the outstanding marine painter of 17th century Holland". His marine paintings usually show estuary or river scenes rather than the open sea, and the water is always very calm, allowing it to act as a mirror reflecting the c...

a Dutch Golden Age painter of seascapes and winter landscapes, also notable as an industrialist and art collector. He is "now considered the outstanding marine painter of 17th century Holland". His marine paintings usually show estuary or river scenes rather than the open sea, and the water is always very calm, allowing it to act as a mirror reflecting the cloud formations above; this effect was Cappelle's speciality.

a Dutch animal and landscape painter, son of Willem van de Velde the Elder and brother of Willem van de Velde the Younger, the marine painter. Adriaen did not want to become a marine painter so he was trained in the studio of Jan Wynants, the landscape painter. There he made the acquaintance of Philip Wouwerman, who is believed to have aided him in his studi...

a Dutch animal and landscape painter, son of Willem van de Velde the Elder and brother of Willem van de Velde the Younger, the marine painter. Adriaen did not want to become a marine painter so he was trained in the studio of Jan Wynants, the landscape painter. There he made the acquaintance of Philip Wouwerman, who is believed to have aided him in his studies of animals, and to have exercised a powerful and beneficial influence upon his art.

a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver of animal, landscape and still-life subjects. He was the son of Jan van de Velde the Elder and the father of the still life painter Jan Jansz van de Velde. In 1616, he drew several scenes of Haarlem as a series of 26 landscape prints. The success of this venture led him to expand it thirty years later to 60 prints, mos...

a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver of animal, landscape and still-life subjects. He was the son of Jan van de Velde the Elder and the father of the still life painter Jan Jansz van de Velde. In 1616, he drew several scenes of Haarlem as a series of 26 landscape prints. The success of this venture led him to expand it thirty years later to 60 prints, most of which are in the possession of the North Holland Archives. In the archives are also a few prints from a series of 12 local landscapes by Esaias, which indicates that they may have collaborated on this project.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Van de Velde was born in Haarlem. According to the RKD he was taught to paint by his father Jan van de Velde, but his still lifes show the influence of the Haarlem still life painter Willem Claesz Heda. He was active in Haarlem, in Amsterdam (in 1642 where he was married), and in Enkhuizen (the year of his death). Around 1620 he (...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Van de Velde was born in Haarlem. According to the RKD he was taught to paint by his father Jan van de Velde, but his still lifes show the influence of the Haarlem still life painter Willem Claesz Heda. He was active in Haarlem, in Amsterdam (in 1642 where he was married), and in Enkhuizen (the year of his death). Around 1620 he (and perhaps also his father) became the teacher of the calligrapher Nicolaes Bodding van Laer, the younger brother of Roeland and Pieter van Laer. He died in Enkhuizen.

a Flemish Baroque marine painter who lived well into the 18th century. He was born in Antwerp where he became a master of the Guild of St. Luke in 1654. Between 1666 and 1680 he is recorded in the guild as having pupils. Between 1668 and 1675 he is recorded producing 50 paintings as dozijnschilder for the Antwerp art dealers Forchondt, who exported these to ...

a Flemish Baroque marine painter who lived well into the 18th century. He was born in Antwerp where he became a master of the Guild of St. Luke in 1654. Between 1666 and 1680 he is recorded in the guild as having pupils. Between 1668 and 1675 he is recorded producing 50 paintings as dozijnschilder for the Antwerp art dealers Forchondt, who exported these to Vienna. He is known for marines in stormy seas.

a Dutch Golden Age seascape painter. He was the official artist of the Dutch fleet for a period. In his work on the biographies of artists, Arnold Houbraken quotes Gerard Brandt's biography of Admiral Michiel de Ruyter, relating the anecdote where Willem van ...

a Dutch Golden Age seascape painter. He was the official artist of the Dutch fleet for a period. In his work on the biographies of artists, Arnold Houbraken quotes Gerard Brandt's biography of Admiral Michiel de Ruyter, relating the anecdote where Willem van de Velde asked Admiral de Ruyter permission to have a galley row him around for a good view of the proceedings on the evening of the Four Days battle in 1666. He wasn't the only artist to paint the scenes of this battle, his son, Ludolf Bakhuysen and Pieter Cornelisz van Soest also made paintings of it.

a Dutch marine painter. Most of Van de Velde's finest works represent views off the coast of Holland, with Dutch shipping. His best productions are delicate, spirited and finished in handling, and correct in the drawing of the vessels and their rigging. The numerous figures are tellingly introduced, and the artist is successful in his renderings of sea, whet...

a Dutch marine painter. Most of Van de Velde's finest works represent views off the coast of Holland, with Dutch shipping. His best productions are delicate, spirited and finished in handling, and correct in the drawing of the vessels and their rigging. The numerous figures are tellingly introduced, and the artist is successful in his renderings of sea, whether in calm or storm. The ships are portrayed with almost photographic accuracy, and are the most precise guides available to the appearance of 17th-century ships.

a versatile Dutch Golden Age painter of allegories, genre subjects and portraits, as well as a miniaturist, book-illustrator and designer of political satires and a versifier. From 1620 until his death van de Venne made many grisailles and engravings of genre subjects, featuring peasants, beggars, thieves and fools as illustrations of current proverbs and sa...

a versatile Dutch Golden Age painter of allegories, genre subjects and portraits, as well as a miniaturist, book-illustrator and designer of political satires and a versifier. From 1620 until his death van de Venne made many grisailles and engravings of genre subjects, featuring peasants, beggars, thieves and fools as illustrations of current proverbs and sayings, mostly by Jacob Cats. This work made him famous during his lifetime, and remained popular throughout the 18th century after his death. Van de Venne also worked as a book illustrator and print designer.

a Dutch Golden Age painter who specialized in architectural painting. Van Delen's work consists almost entirely of architectural paintings of imaginary palaces and church interiors. His earliest paintings of palace scenes were influenced significantly by the work of Hans Vredeman de Vries and his son Paul Vredeman de Vries. He also painted church interiors, ...

a Dutch Golden Age painter who specialized in architectural painting. Van Delen's work consists almost entirely of architectural paintings of imaginary palaces and church interiors. His earliest paintings of palace scenes were influenced significantly by the work of Hans Vredeman de Vries and his son Paul Vredeman de Vries. He also painted church interiors, in which he initially showed an influence of the paintings by Hendrick Aerts after the architecture prints of Jan van Londerseel. His church interiors are in style also close to those of Bartholomeus van Bassen. After 1630 van Delen’s style became more exuberant and palace exteriors became his favourite subject.

a Flemish-born Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and flower still lifes. Very little is know about van den Berghe and he was only rediscovered as an independent artist in the 1950s when some works formerly attributed to other artists were reattributed to him. It is believed that he was born in Antwerp and that his family left Flanders to settle in Midde...

a Flemish-born Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes and flower still lifes. Very little is know about van den Berghe and he was only rediscovered as an independent artist in the 1950s when some works formerly attributed to other artists were reattributed to him. It is believed that he was born in Antwerp and that his family left Flanders to settle in Middelburg. He may have trained under Ambrosius Bosschaert. In 1619 he registered in the Guild of St. Luke in Middelburg and in 1621 he was dean of the Guild. He bought a house in MIddelburg in 1621 which he still owned in 1628.

a Flemish painter who is mainly known for his wide range of genre subjects and occasional portraits. While van den Bossche’s works include the occasional individual and group portrait, the bulk of his output explored the various genre subjects that had been introduced in Flemish and Dutch painting in the 17th century. The preferred subjects of his genre pa...

a Flemish painter who is mainly known for his wide range of genre subjects and occasional portraits. While van den Bossche’s works include the occasional individual and group portrait, the bulk of his output explored the various genre subjects that had been introduced in Flemish and Dutch painting in the 17th century. The preferred subjects of his genre paintings were picture galleries and artist studios, which were also the preferred themes of his master Gerard Thomas. He also painted alchemists in their laboratories, guardroom scenes, conversation pieces, merry companies and doctor visits.

a Dutch Golden Age flower painter. in 1665 he became a pupil of Cornelis Kick in Amsterdam, and in 1669 he became a pupil of Jan Davidsz. de Heem in Utrecht. He is registered in a document stating his intention to go to Italy in 1672 (which may not have taken place). In 1673 he accompanied De Heem to Antwerp, where he became a master in the Guild of St. Luke...

a Dutch Golden Age flower painter. in 1665 he became a pupil of Cornelis Kick in Amsterdam, and in 1669 he became a pupil of Jan Davidsz. de Heem in Utrecht. He is registered in a document stating his intention to go to Italy in 1672 (which may not have taken place). In 1673 he accompanied De Heem to Antwerp, where he became a master in the Guild of St. Luke there. In 1685 he returned to Amsterdam, where he lived 'outside the Utrecht gate on the Amstel beyond the Bergenvaarderskamer'.

a Flemish painter of the late-Renaissance or Mannerist period, active mainly in Italy. Van den Broeck was born in Mechelen. Crispin van den Broeck was his brother. Hendrick was a pupil of Frans Floris and is also known as Hendricus Malinus. He is known as a sculptor as well as a painter and worked in Naples, Florence, Umbria, and Rome. He worked with more

a Flemish painter of the late-Renaissance or Mannerist period, active mainly in Italy. Van den Broeck was born in Mechelen. Crispin van den Broeck was his brother. Hendrick was a pupil of Frans Floris and is also known as Hendricus Malinus. He is known as a sculptor as well as a painter and worked in Naples, Florence, Umbria, and Rome. He worked with Giorgio Vasari in Rome on the decoration of the Sala Regia of the Vatican. He worked under Cesare Nebbia to help decorate the Capella Sistina of Santa Maria Maggiore, as well as the better known Sistine Chapel in the Vatican complex, where he painted a "Resurrection of Christ" on the counterfacade of the entrance, where previously there had been Domenico Ghirlandaio painting.

a Dutch Golden Age painter and a favourite student of Rembrandt. He was also an etcher, an amateur poet, a collector and an adviser on art. Gerbrand was born in Amsterdam, the son of a jeweller, a Mennonite who fled after 1585 from Antwerp to the north. His earliest...

a Dutch Golden Age painter and a favourite student of Rembrandt. He was also an etcher, an amateur poet, a collector and an adviser on art. Gerbrand was born in Amsterdam, the son of a jeweller, a Mennonite who fled after 1585 from Antwerp to the north. His earliest pieces are probably those in which he more faithfully reproduced Rembrandt's peculiarities. Exclusively his is a tinge of green in shadows marring the harmony of the work, a gaudiness of jarring tints, uniform surface and a touch more quick than subtle.

a Flemish Baroque painter and engraver of principally battle scenes in the manner of Pieter Snayers as well as of landscape paintings and still lifes. Some thirty paintings by Robert van den Hoecke are conserved in public museums of which only two are dated – a Winter Landscape in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna (1649) and a Military Camp in the Musé...

a Flemish Baroque painter and engraver of principally battle scenes in the manner of Pieter Snayers as well as of landscape paintings and still lifes. Some thirty paintings by Robert van den Hoecke are conserved in public museums of which only two are dated – a Winter Landscape in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna (1649) and a Military Camp in the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Dunkerque. The majority of his works consists of battle scenes painted on small canvases, often set at night and including a great many figures. As controller of the fortifications of Flanders, he painted many views of camps, battles, and cities. He is also known for (winter) landscapes and still lives. The Musée Municipal Bergues holds a religious painting representing St Matthias.

a Flemish painter, draughtsman, priest and museum curator active in Brussels and Vienna. Van der Baren is regarded as an amateur painter since he did not paint professionally but was principally a priest and a court official. Not many works of him are known. There are 14 paintings accepted as authentic, some of them signed and dated. Most of the works are st...

a Flemish painter, draughtsman, priest and museum curator active in Brussels and Vienna. Van der Baren is regarded as an amateur painter since he did not paint professionally but was principally a priest and a court official. Not many works of him are known. There are 14 paintings accepted as authentic, some of them signed and dated. Most of the works are still lifes.

a Flemish painter of history paintings and a draughthsman active in the Leuven area around the turn of the 17th century. Josse van der Baren mainly painted religious altarpieces on panel. His work is preserved in and near Leuven, including in Leuven’s St Peter's Church, the Park Abbey in Heverlee and the St Laurentius Church in Veltem. At the time, many Fl...

a Flemish painter of history paintings and a draughthsman active in the Leuven area around the turn of the 17th century. Josse van der Baren mainly painted religious altarpieces on panel. His work is preserved in and near Leuven, including in Leuven’s St Peter's Church, the Park Abbey in Heverlee and the St Laurentius Church in Veltem. At the time, many Flemish artists such as Michiel Coxie and Frans Floris painted in a Italianizing style and van der Baren’s work was clearly influenced by this movement.

a Flemish engraver and still life painter of flowers and fruit, who was mainly active in Germany. Van der Borcht was born in Brussels. Troubles in the Low Countries obliged his family to move to Germany in 1586. By 1598 they had settled at Frankenthal, where he became a pupil of the Flemish emigre Gillis van Valkenborch. Between 1604 and 1610 he was in Italy...

a Flemish engraver and still life painter of flowers and fruit, who was mainly active in Germany. Van der Borcht was born in Brussels. Troubles in the Low Countries obliged his family to move to Germany in 1586. By 1598 they had settled at Frankenthal, where he became a pupil of the Flemish emigre Gillis van Valkenborch. Between 1604 and 1610 he was in Italy, probably in Rome. In 1627 he settled in Frankfurt, where he eventually died.

a Flemish Renaissance painter, draughtsman and etcher. He is regarded as one of the most gifted botanical painters of the 16th century. The subjects of his work are genre, historical and religious themes. There is some debate as to whether works executed under the name Pieter van der Borcht were made by a single artist or several artists with the same name. ...

a Flemish Renaissance painter, draughtsman and etcher. He is regarded as one of the most gifted botanical painters of the 16th century. The subjects of his work are genre, historical and religious themes. There is some debate as to whether works executed under the name Pieter van der Borcht were made by a single artist or several artists with the same name. The attributed works include a large number of drawings, engravings, etchings and woodcuts, that were mostly used as book illustrations. The themes of these works include biblical and mythological subjects, genre scenes, pictures depicting the months and botanical illustrations.

an 18th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands. Van der Burg was born and died in Dordrecht. According to Jan van Gool he was the pupil of Arnold Houbraken and accompanied him to Amsterdam where he completed his education before returning to Dordrecht,...

an 18th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands. Van der Burg was born and died in Dordrecht. According to Jan van Gool he was the pupil of Arnold Houbraken and accompanied him to Amsterdam where he completed his education before returning to Dordrecht, where he became a popular portrait painter and the teacher of Aert Schouman and Cornelis Greenwood. Schouman made the engraving voor Jan van Gool's book based on a self-portrait that Schouman bought from Adriaan van der Burg's widow. According to the RKD he was the teacher of Aert Schouman and was known for interior decorations.

a Dutch 18th century artist, landscape painter and watercolourist. He drew landscapes, some of which are currently in the Centraal Museum of Utrecht. He made especially sketches and drawings of towns, villages and castles, but also portraits. His works include landscapes of the Utrecht region: Leerdam (1743) and in 1749: Hagestein, Vianen, Tiel, Rijswijk and...

a Dutch 18th century artist, landscape painter and watercolourist. He drew landscapes, some of which are currently in the Centraal Museum of Utrecht. He made especially sketches and drawings of towns, villages and castles, but also portraits. His works include landscapes of the Utrecht region: Leerdam (1743) and in 1749: Hagestein, Vianen, Tiel, Rijswijk and de Lek. In 1762 he visited Kennemerland and the Northern province of Brabant.

a Dutch Golden Age genre painter. According to the RKD he was born in Delft and is a member of the same "school" or artistic style as Pieter de Hooch, showing simple intimate scenes of daily life in towns. Though no evidence for a such a school exists, the artists whose works fall into this category are considered by the RKD to be Esaias Boursse, Hendrick va...

a Dutch Golden Age genre painter. According to the RKD he was born in Delft and is a member of the same "school" or artistic style as Pieter de Hooch, showing simple intimate scenes of daily life in towns. Though no evidence for a such a school exists, the artists whose works fall into this category are considered by the RKD to be Esaias Boursse, Hendrick van der Burgh, Pieter de Hooch, Pieter Janssens Elinga, Cornelis de Man, Hendrick ten Oever, and Jacob Vrel. The year and place of his death is uncertain but is assumed to be Delft or Leiden after 1664. He is registered in Leiden in 1658-1659 and in Delft in 1664. He is known for prints and portraits, with the monogram "HVB"

a Flemish painter and draughtsman mainly known for his still life and landscape paintings. Gommaert van der Gracht specialised in landscapes and still lifes. His still lifes include market and kitchen pieces as well as fruit and game pieces. He often set his still lifes in landscapes. He also painted genre scenes. Very few works by his hand were known to exi...

a Flemish painter and draughtsman mainly known for his still life and landscape paintings. Gommaert van der Gracht specialised in landscapes and still lifes. His still lifes include market and kitchen pieces as well as fruit and game pieces. He often set his still lifes in landscapes. He also painted genre scenes. Very few works by his hand were known to exist and only recently his oeuvre has expanded through new attributions.

a Dutch Baroque-era painter, draughtsman, printmaker, a mennonite and inventor who significantly contributed to contemporary firefighting. He improved the fire hose in 1672, with his brother Nicolaes, who was a hydraulic engineer. He modified the manual fire engines, reorganised the volunteer fire brigade (1685) and wrote and illustrated the first firefighti...

a Dutch Baroque-era painter, draughtsman, printmaker, a mennonite and inventor who significantly contributed to contemporary firefighting. He improved the fire hose in 1672, with his brother Nicolaes, who was a hydraulic engineer. He modified the manual fire engines, reorganised the volunteer fire brigade (1685) and wrote and illustrated the first firefighting manual (Brandspuiten-boek). A comprehensive street lighting scheme for Amsterdam, which lasted from 1669 until 1840, designed and implemented by Van der Heyden, was adopted as a model by many other towns and abroad.

a Flemish Baroque painter. According to Houbraken he specialized in gezelschappen; portraits of ladies and gentlemen enjoying music or conversation in interior settings. According to the RKD he married Maria Michielsen in 1642 and the painters Paul Rijckaert and Adriaen Michielsen were witnesses. In 1636 he became wine-master of the Guild of St. Luke. He was...

a Flemish Baroque painter. According to Houbraken he specialized in gezelschappen; portraits of ladies and gentlemen enjoying music or conversation in interior settings. According to the RKD he married Maria Michielsen in 1642 and the painters Paul Rijckaert and Adriaen Michielsen were witnesses. In 1636 he became wine-master of the Guild of St. Luke. He was the son of Jacob van der Laemen, who Houbraken thought assisted him with his merry companies.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. In 1644 he became a member of the Hague painter's guild. His early paintings were frequently landscapes with nymphs, coming close to the style his master used around 1630, and even sometimes being mistaken for Van Poelenburch's at auctions. However, many displayed a distinctive style, which consisted of emptier, more horizontal co...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. In 1644 he became a member of the Hague painter's guild. His early paintings were frequently landscapes with nymphs, coming close to the style his master used around 1630, and even sometimes being mistaken for Van Poelenburch's at auctions. However, many displayed a distinctive style, which consisted of emptier, more horizontal compositions.

a Dutch Golden Age still life painter. Van der Meer was born and died in Haarlem. According to the RKD he was taught by his father Jan van der Meer I and became a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke in 1681. In 1683 he married and moved to Amsterdam. He was a follower of Willem Kalf and is known for still-life paintings and vanitas pieces. He was the bro...

a Dutch Golden Age still life painter. Van der Meer was born and died in Haarlem. According to the RKD he was taught by his father Jan van der Meer I and became a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke in 1681. In 1683 he married and moved to Amsterdam. He was a follower of Willem Kalf and is known for still-life paintings and vanitas pieces. He was the brother of the landscape painter Jan Vermeer van Haarlem.

a Flemish painter specializing in small, usually animated landscapes, harbour views and battle scenes with numerous figures. There are no details on his training. He was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. Despite a lack of documentary evidence, some historians have speculated that he may have visited Italy since his work display...

a Flemish painter specializing in small, usually animated landscapes, harbour views and battle scenes with numerous figures. There are no details on his training. He was admitted as a master in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1685. Despite a lack of documentary evidence, some historians have speculated that he may have visited Italy since his work displays many Italianizing elements. He was very successful working in the established Flemish genres and enjoyed the international patronage of prominent collectors such as Elisabeth Farnese. His compositions commanded high prices at the time.

a Flemish Baroque painter specialising in battle scenes. He was active first in Brussels, where he was a pupil of Pieter Snayers, and from the 1660s onwards in Paris. Van der Meulen was trained by the Belgian court painter Pieter Snayers of Brussels. His first work as an independent artist was done in Brussels. He painted genre and history pieces. He joined ...

a Flemish Baroque painter specialising in battle scenes. He was active first in Brussels, where he was a pupil of Pieter Snayers, and from the 1660s onwards in Paris. Van der Meulen was trained by the Belgian court painter Pieter Snayers of Brussels. His first work as an independent artist was done in Brussels. He painted genre and history pieces. He joined the painters' guild in his native city, Brussels, in 1651.

a Flemish artist. He gained prominence in England in the first decade of the reign of Elizabeth I as one of many Flemish artists active at the Tudor court. He is best known for the "Barrington Park" portrait type of Elizabeth I and for three-quarter length portraits of members of the English court in the first half of the 1560s. A recently discovered will in...

a Flemish artist. He gained prominence in England in the first decade of the reign of Elizabeth I as one of many Flemish artists active at the Tudor court. He is best known for the "Barrington Park" portrait type of Elizabeth I and for three-quarter length portraits of members of the English court in the first half of the 1560s. A recently discovered will indicates that he died in London between October 1563 and January 1564.

an 18th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands. According to the RKD he learned to paint flowers from Ernst Stuven, and became a master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1712, and the following year court painter to Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine. He took the family of more

an 18th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands. According to the RKD he learned to paint flowers from Ernst Stuven, and became a master of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1712, and the following year court painter to Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine. He took the family of Jan van Nickelen in tow to Dusseldorp, where they painted at court, and Van der Mijn taught Van Nickelen's daughter Jacoba Maria van Nickelen to paint flowers. She met the painters Rachel Ruysch and Willem Troost (whom Jacoba married) there.

a Dutch Golden Age genre and landscape painter, son of a Delft goldsmith. He may possibly have been a student of Esaias van de Velde and of Aert van der Neer. According to the RKD he was the brother of the painter Adriaen Lievensz van der Poel and a student of Cornelis Saftleven in Rotterdam. Van der Poel was registered with the Guild of St Luke in Delft on ...

a Dutch Golden Age genre and landscape painter, son of a Delft goldsmith. He may possibly have been a student of Esaias van de Velde and of Aert van der Neer. According to the RKD he was the brother of the painter Adriaen Lievensz van der Poel and a student of Cornelis Saftleven in Rotterdam. Van der Poel was registered with the Guild of St Luke in Delft on October 17, 1650, where he is listed as a landscape painter.

a Dutch 18th century painter and the great-grandson of Vincent van der Vinne. According to the RKD he was a pupil of his father Jan Laurentsz van der Vinne, who made botanical paintings of flowers for bulb growers in Haarlem. He became a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke in 1754. He is known for Italianate landscapes and flower still lifes, and also cr...

a Dutch 18th century painter and the great-grandson of Vincent van der Vinne. According to the RKD he was a pupil of his father Jan Laurentsz van der Vinne, who made botanical paintings of flowers for bulb growers in Haarlem. He became a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke in 1754. He is known for Italianate landscapes and flower still lifes, and also created tapestries. He was the first curator of art for the young Teyler's Museum during the years 1778-1785.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Van der Vliet was born and died in Delft. According to Houbraken his paintings are historical allegories and portraits. Records of his paintings are noted by the Delft history writer (unspecified Stads schryver). He had his nephew Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet as his pupil, who painted historical scenes in architectural perspectiv...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Van der Vliet was born and died in Delft. According to Houbraken his paintings are historical allegories and portraits. Records of his paintings are noted by the Delft history writer (unspecified Stads schryver). He had his nephew Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet as his pupil, who painted historical scenes in architectural perspectives, but who later went to work for Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt to learn to paint portraits.

an accomplished Dutch painter of portraits and erotic, devotional and mythological scenes. His brother, Pieter van der Werff (1661–1722), was his principal pupil and assistant. Van der Werff became one of the most lauded Dutch painters of his day, gaining a European reputation and an enormous fortune. more

an accomplished Dutch painter of portraits and erotic, devotional and mythological scenes. His brother, Pieter van der Werff (1661–1722), was his principal pupil and assistant. Van der Werff became one of the most lauded Dutch painters of his day, gaining a European reputation and an enormous fortune. Arnold Houbraken, writing in 1718, considered him the greatest of the Dutch painters and this was the prevailing critical opinion throughout the 18th century.

an erudite and accomplished Dutch painter of the Flemish School. After having received a classical education, he became a pupil and assistant of Peter Paul Rubens. He handled mythological and historical subjects, as well as portraits, with great skill and vigor and was a good, sound colourist. He went to Antwerp about 1629 and made his first successes in pai...

an erudite and accomplished Dutch painter of the Flemish School. After having received a classical education, he became a pupil and assistant of Peter Paul Rubens. He handled mythological and historical subjects, as well as portraits, with great skill and vigor and was a good, sound colourist. He went to Antwerp about 1629 and made his first successes in painting on glass, among his productions being windows in the cathedral there representing the "Acts of Mercy". Similar work at the church of the Dominicans shows scenes from the "Life of Saint Paul". Van Diepenbeek was admitted to the guild of painters in 1638, and became director of the academy in 1641. It was after a visit to Italy that the artist began to paint chiefly in oil and to illustrate.

an 18th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands. According to the RKD, he was a student of Arnold Boonen in Amsterdam, but became a student of Adriaen van der Werff in Rotterdam, where he married in 1708. Later the same year, he became a member of the Guild of St. Luke in Middelburg. In 1718 he became a member of the Confrerie Pictura, where he became ...

an 18th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands. According to the RKD, he was a student of Arnold Boonen in Amsterdam, but became a student of Adriaen van der Werff in Rotterdam, where he married in 1708. Later the same year, he became a member of the Guild of St. Luke in Middelburg. In 1718 he became a member of the Confrerie Pictura, where he became a popular painter. Much later he returned to teach at the drawing academy and had various students, including Jan Augustini, Louis de Moni, and Hendrik Pothoven (1725–1807) from 1746.

a Southern Netherlandish portrait painter belonging to the Dutch Leyden School. Born in Roermond, he spent most of his life as Court painter in Düsseldorf, now in Germany, where he created most of his works. When his cousin, the painter Chistopher Puitlink, returned from his Rome journey, the young Johan studied with him. His work was noticed by Don Jan Del...

a Southern Netherlandish portrait painter belonging to the Dutch Leyden School. Born in Roermond, he spent most of his life as Court painter in Düsseldorf, now in Germany, where he created most of his works. When his cousin, the painter Chistopher Puitlink, returned from his Rome journey, the young Johan studied with him. His work was noticed by Don Jan Dellano Velasco, the minister of finance in Roermond for Charles II of Spain. He spent 3 years working for him, copying the works of Roman painters for his large painting cabinet.

a Flemish painter and draughtsman. His work ranges from Italianizing landscapes, equestrian skirmishes and battles to cattle market and hunting scenes. He worked in Antwerp, Middelburg and Rotterdam. Initially he mainly painted cavalry skirmishes and battles. Later he changed to the subjects of horse and cattle market and hunting scenes. His early works are ...

a Flemish painter and draughtsman. His work ranges from Italianizing landscapes, equestrian skirmishes and battles to cattle market and hunting scenes. He worked in Antwerp, Middelburg and Rotterdam. Initially he mainly painted cavalry skirmishes and battles. Later he changed to the subjects of horse and cattle market and hunting scenes. His early works are stylistically related to the cabinet painting tradition in Antwerp. This is noticeable in the stage-like setting of the action, the breaking down of the landscape through colour thresholds and the atmospheric palette.

a Dutch painter. He began his study of the painting in a factory in Groningen which produced mainly lacquered objects. He soon went to Haarlem, where he became an apprentice in the wallpaper factory of Jan Augustini. Van Drielst entered the wallpaper studio in Amsterdam, where he studied the old masters Salomon van Ruysdael, Jacob van Ruisdael, Jan Wijnants ...

a Dutch painter. He began his study of the painting in a factory in Groningen which produced mainly lacquered objects. He soon went to Haarlem, where he became an apprentice in the wallpaper factory of Jan Augustini. Van Drielst entered the wallpaper studio in Amsterdam, where he studied the old masters Salomon van Ruysdael, Jacob van Ruisdael, Jan Wijnants and in particular, Meindert Hobbema, and sought to make use of their techniques in his nature studies. In 1768 he became a member of the Guild of Saint Luke in Amsterdam. He often portrayed nature scenes of the Drenthe, in the north-east of the Netherlands.

a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England, after enjoying great success in Italy and Flanders. He is most famous for his portraits of Charles I of England and his family and court, painted with a relaxed elegance that was to be the dominant influence on English portrait-painting for the next 150 years. He also painted biblical ...

a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England, after enjoying great success in Italy and Flanders. He is most famous for his portraits of Charles I of England and his family and court, painted with a relaxed elegance that was to be the dominant influence on English portrait-painting for the next 150 years. He also painted biblical and mythological subjects, displayed outstanding facility as a draughtsman, and was an important innovator in watercolour and etching.

a Dutch Golden Age still life painter. Van Dyck lived in Haarlem for most of his life, but he was born in Delft. In 1600 he was documented as being in Rome, where he was a good friend of Joseph van Arpino and witnessed him being cured of an ailment with Olio del gran Duco, an oil given to him by the Pope's personal physician, with which he smeared himself al...

a Dutch Golden Age still life painter. Van Dyck lived in Haarlem for most of his life, but he was born in Delft. In 1600 he was documented as being in Rome, where he was a good friend of Joseph van Arpino and witnessed him being cured of an ailment with Olio del gran Duco, an oil given to him by the Pope's personal physician, with which he smeared himself all over his body. Thanks to this miracle cure, Arpino could finish an altarpiece in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran.

a Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver who was one of the first Flemish artists to specialize in marine art. Several of his pupils also became prominent marine artists. Van Eertvelt is regarded as the first Flemish marine painter. His marine paintings covered the whole range of battle scenes, storms, views of ships in rivers and harbours, night scenes e...

a Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver who was one of the first Flemish artists to specialize in marine art. Several of his pupils also became prominent marine artists. Van Eertvelt is regarded as the first Flemish marine painter. His marine paintings covered the whole range of battle scenes, storms, views of ships in rivers and harbours, night scenes etc. His favourite themes were Dutch ships at sea and views of ships in southern, often imaginary harbours.

a painter and a tapestry designer. After training in Antwerp and working in Rubens' workshop he left for France where he was a court painter. He later returned to Flanders where he worked in Antwerp and Brussels. He is mainly known for his portrait paintings, although he also painted some history subjects. Van Egmont’s oeuvre comprises roughly eighty works...

a painter and a tapestry designer. After training in Antwerp and working in Rubens' workshop he left for France where he was a court painter. He later returned to Flanders where he worked in Antwerp and Brussels. He is mainly known for his portrait paintings, although he also painted some history subjects. Van Egmont’s oeuvre comprises roughly eighty works, including paintings, sketches and drawings and designs for five large tapestry series. The majority of van Egmont's work consists of portraits he painted for the French aristocracy. He also painted history paintings, in particular at the beginning of his career when he worked for Rubens and during his early days in France. Van Egmont had an accomplished technique which could achieve a maximum effect with the minimum of paint.

a Flemish painter mainly active in Antwerp who specialized in architectural paintings including of real and imaginary church interiors, Renaissance palaces and picture galleries. Van Ehrenberg painted many architectural paintings usually of imaginary church interiors, temples, palaces and art galleries. He worked also in the genre of the 'gallery paintings'....

a Flemish painter mainly active in Antwerp who specialized in architectural paintings including of real and imaginary church interiors, Renaissance palaces and picture galleries. Van Ehrenberg painted many architectural paintings usually of imaginary church interiors, temples, palaces and art galleries. He worked also in the genre of the 'gallery paintings'. The 'gallery paintings' genre is native to Antwerp where Frans Francken the Younger and Jan Brueghel the Elder were the first artists to create paintings of art and curiosity collections in the 1620s.

a Dutch Golden Age painter and printmaker in etching and mezzotint. The earliest of Everdingen's sea-pieces bears the date of 1640. After 1640 we meet with nothing but representations of inland scenery, and particularly of Norwegian valleys, remarkable alike for wildness and a decisive depth of tone. The masters favorite theme is a fall in a glen, with mourn...

a Dutch Golden Age painter and printmaker in etching and mezzotint. The earliest of Everdingen's sea-pieces bears the date of 1640. After 1640 we meet with nothing but representations of inland scenery, and particularly of Norwegian valleys, remarkable alike for wildness and a decisive depth of tone. The masters favorite theme is a fall in a glen, with mournful fringes of pines interspersed with birch, and log-huts at the base of rocks and craggy slopes. The water tumbles over the foreground, so as to entitle the painter to the name of inventor of cascades.

a Dutch Golden Age portrait and history painter. He was born in Alkmaar and educated in Utrecht, where he learned to paint from Jan Gerritsz van Bronckhorst. Caesar became a member of the painter's guild in Alkmaar in 1632. His first known painting dates from 1636. In 1648 he moved to Haarlem, where he joined the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke and the civic guard...

a Dutch Golden Age portrait and history painter. He was born in Alkmaar and educated in Utrecht, where he learned to paint from Jan Gerritsz van Bronckhorst. Caesar became a member of the painter's guild in Alkmaar in 1632. His first known painting dates from 1636. In 1648 he moved to Haarlem, where he joined the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke and the civic guard (or schutterij) there. In 1658 he moved back to Alkmaar where he started a workshop and took on pupils. He died and was buried in the Grote- or St. Laurenskerk in Alkmaar.

a Flemish painter of landscapes, equestrian and battle scenes and portraits. A rather intriguing painting is his Scene of a rebellion (Hospitalfield Arts) depicting a rebellion in a city. It appears that a group of armed men are firing into an unarmed, unperturbed crowd. The front row of the crowd being shot at consists of three men who have their back turne...

a Flemish painter of landscapes, equestrian and battle scenes and portraits. A rather intriguing painting is his Scene of a rebellion (Hospitalfield Arts) depicting a rebellion in a city. It appears that a group of armed men are firing into an unarmed, unperturbed crowd. The front row of the crowd being shot at consists of three men who have their back turned towards the shooters. He also painted genre-like portraits such as the Portrait of a drinking man.

a Dutch landscape painter. Van Goyen was an extremely prolific artist; approximately twelve hundred paintings and more than one thousand drawings by him are known. Jan van Goyen would begin a painting using a support primarily of thin oak wood. To this panel, he would scrub on several layers of a thin animal hide glue. With a blade, he would then scrape over...

a Dutch landscape painter. Van Goyen was an extremely prolific artist; approximately twelve hundred paintings and more than one thousand drawings by him are known. Jan van Goyen would begin a painting using a support primarily of thin oak wood. To this panel, he would scrub on several layers of a thin animal hide glue. With a blade, he would then scrape over the entire surface a thin layer of tinted white lead to act as a ground and to fill the low areas of the panel. The ground was tinted light brown, sometimes reddish, or ochre in colour.

a Flemish Baroque painter best known for his gallery pictures and the son of the landscape painter Tobias Verhaecht. Van Haecht was born in Antwerp, and studied under Peter Paul Rubens. He worked in Paris from 1615 to 1619, and then travelled to Italy for about seven years. Van Haecht became a master in Antwerp's guild of St. Luke in 1626 and from 1628 onwar...

a Flemish Baroque painter best known for his gallery pictures and the son of the landscape painter Tobias Verhaecht. Van Haecht was born in Antwerp, and studied under Peter Paul Rubens. He worked in Paris from 1615 to 1619, and then travelled to Italy for about seven years. Van Haecht became a master in Antwerp's guild of St. Luke in 1626 and from 1628 onwards was the curator of the art collection owned by Cornelis van der Geest.

an 18th-century painter from the Southern Netherlands. He was born in Brussels as the son of the painter Jan van Helmont. He is known for paintings and tapistry designs of historical allegories. According to Jean-Baptiste Descamps he was descended from the alchemist Jean Baptist van Helmont, but paintings of alchemists attributed to him had actually been pai...

an 18th-century painter from the Southern Netherlands. He was born in Brussels as the son of the painter Jan van Helmont. He is known for paintings and tapistry designs of historical allegories. According to Jean-Baptiste Descamps he was descended from the alchemist Jean Baptist van Helmont, but paintings of alchemists attributed to him had actually been painted by Mattheus van Helmont, another relation. He died in Brussels.

a Dutch painter, the son of Bartholomeus van Hove (1790–1880) and a teacher of some artists who became members of the Hague School. Hubertus started as a landscape painter, but his best work was not in that style. His love of color and bright light was best displayed in his doorkijkjes, or domestic vistas, in the style of Pieter de Hooch. These were views ...

a Dutch painter, the son of Bartholomeus van Hove (1790–1880) and a teacher of some artists who became members of the Hague School. Hubertus started as a landscape painter, but his best work was not in that style. His love of color and bright light was best displayed in his doorkijkjes, or domestic vistas, in the style of Pieter de Hooch. These were views of outdoor light seen through an interior, a room or kitchen situated between the street door and an inner yard.

a Flemish painter mainly of portraits whose works were highly prized at the Northern European Courts. Van Hulle has been described as a painter of portraits and history paintings. However, only portrait paintings are currently attributed to him. His portrait paintings include single portraits, family portraits, bust portraits and equestrian portraits. He was...

a Flemish painter mainly of portraits whose works were highly prized at the Northern European Courts. Van Hulle has been described as a painter of portraits and history paintings. However, only portrait paintings are currently attributed to him. His portrait paintings include single portraits, family portraits, bust portraits and equestrian portraits. He was a portrait painter to the elite.

a Flemish painter who played a role in the early development of the genre of still lifes of fruit, banquets and flowers. was a still life painter of banquet style pieces, fruit bowls and flowers. Roughly 100 paintings are currently attributed to him. The meticulous handling of detail in his work likely explains his relatively low output. More than half of h...

a Flemish painter who played a role in the early development of the genre of still lifes of fruit, banquets and flowers. was a still life painter of banquet style pieces, fruit bowls and flowers. Roughly 100 paintings are currently attributed to him. The meticulous handling of detail in his work likely explains his relatively low output. More than half of his paintings are signed with his characteristic full signature in capitals while some are signed with a monogram only.

an 18th-century botanical painter from the Northern Netherlands. Van Huysum was born in Amsterdam. Both his father Justus van Huysum (1659–1716), and his brother Jan van Huysum (1682–1749), were celebrated flower painters. His manner of painting was very like that of his brother. His approach to botanical illustration, while preserving botanical accuracy...

an 18th-century botanical painter from the Northern Netherlands. Van Huysum was born in Amsterdam. Both his father Justus van Huysum (1659–1716), and his brother Jan van Huysum (1682–1749), were celebrated flower painters. His manner of painting was very like that of his brother. His approach to botanical illustration, while preserving botanical accuracy, captured a more painterly aspect of his subject. This contrasts with the meticulously exact mode of Georg Dionysius Ehret, his contemporary colleague.

a Dutch painter. He was the brother of Jacob van Huysum, the son of the flower painter Justus van Huysum, and the grandson of Jan van Huysum I, who is said to have been expeditious in decorating doorways, screens and vases. A picture by Justus is preserved in the gallery of Brunswick, representing "Orpheus and the Beasts in a wooded landscape", and here we h...

a Dutch painter. He was the brother of Jacob van Huysum, the son of the flower painter Justus van Huysum, and the grandson of Jan van Huysum I, who is said to have been expeditious in decorating doorways, screens and vases. A picture by Justus is preserved in the gallery of Brunswick, representing "Orpheus and the Beasts in a wooded landscape", and here we have some explanation of his son's fondness for landscapes of a conventional and Arcadian kind; for Jan van Huysum, though skilled as a painter of still life, believed himself to possess the genius of a landscape painter.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. He was the son of the decorative painter Jan van Huysum I and the brother of the engraver Caspar van Huysum. Houbraken said he was very good at all sorts of painting, but excelled at flower painting, and founded a family business in painting flowers in vases. He later married and became the father of Jan van Huysum, Jacob van Huys...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. He was the son of the decorative painter Jan van Huysum I and the brother of the engraver Caspar van Huysum. Houbraken said he was very good at all sorts of painting, but excelled at flower painting, and founded a family business in painting flowers in vases. He later married and became the father of Jan van Huysum, Jacob van Huysum, and Justus II van Huysum.

a Flemish painter who was mainly active in Spain. He gained recognition at court under the reign of Charles II of Spain for the portraits he made of Queen Marie Louise d'Orléans, first wife of Charles II. In 1686 he became officially the painter of the Queen. He is said to have received a commission from the Queen to paint scenes on the ceiling of her chamb...

a Flemish painter who was mainly active in Spain. He gained recognition at court under the reign of Charles II of Spain for the portraits he made of Queen Marie Louise d'Orléans, first wife of Charles II. In 1686 he became officially the painter of the Queen. He is said to have received a commission from the Queen to paint scenes on the ceiling of her chambers in the Royal Alcazar of Madrid. Upon the death of the first wife of Charles II, van Kessel continued to serve as a portrait painter at the court and gained the favour of the king's new wife, Mariana of Neuburg.

a Dutch painter and printmaker. He was active in Rome for over a decade and was known for genre scenes, animal paintings and landscapes placed in the environs of Rome. He was an active member of the association of Flemish and Dutch artists in Rome known as the Bentvueghels. Pieter van Laer is mainly known for his genre scenes set in Italianate landscapes as ...

a Dutch painter and printmaker. He was active in Rome for over a decade and was known for genre scenes, animal paintings and landscapes placed in the environs of Rome. He was an active member of the association of Flemish and Dutch artists in Rome known as the Bentvueghels. Pieter van Laer is mainly known for his genre scenes set in Italianate landscapes as well as for his landscapes and animal scenes. He also painted some battle scenes. He further engraved a number of plates of animals.

a Flemish portrait painter, copyist, collector and art dealer mainly active in England. Remigius van Leemput is known for his original works as well as for his small-scale copies after van Dyck, Lely and others. He made a series of portraits of Ladies after van Dyck, Lely and Samuel Cooper. The series are bust portraits based on (often full-length) portraits...

a Flemish portrait painter, copyist, collector and art dealer mainly active in England. Remigius van Leemput is known for his original works as well as for his small-scale copies after van Dyck, Lely and others. He made a series of portraits of Ladies after van Dyck, Lely and Samuel Cooper. The series are bust portraits based on (often full-length) portraits by these other painters. They are part of the Royal Collection.

a Dutch engraver and painter. Lucas van Leyden was among the first Dutch exponents of genre painting and is generally regarded as a very accomplished engraver. In basic painting technique van Leyden was the pupil of his father, from whose hand no works are known, and of Cornelis Engelbrechtsz, but his precocious originality was paramount. Where he learnt eng...

a Dutch engraver and painter. Lucas van Leyden was among the first Dutch exponents of genre painting and is generally regarded as a very accomplished engraver. In basic painting technique van Leyden was the pupil of his father, from whose hand no works are known, and of Cornelis Engelbrechtsz, but his precocious originality was paramount. Where he learnt engraving is unknown, but he took advantage of the works of Marcantonio Raimondi, whose motifs are reworked in Lucas' engravings and paintings, and became highly skilled in that art at a very early age.

a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries. He excelled in history paintings, genre scenes and portraits in the Flemish Baroque style with some Classisizing influence. He worked in Antwerp and Italy. Van Lint become a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1633. In that same year he traveled to Rome where he remained until 1640. In Rome he worke...

a Flemish painter, draughtsman and designer of tapestries. He excelled in history paintings, genre scenes and portraits in the Flemish Baroque style with some Classisizing influence. He worked in Antwerp and Italy. Van Lint become a master in the Guild of Saint Luke in 1633. In that same year he traveled to Rome where he remained until 1640. In Rome he worked for Cardinal Domenico Ginnasi, Bishop of Ostia, who employed him to decorate the local cathedral.

a French painter of allegorical scenes and portraits. He studied under his father, the painter Jean-Baptiste van Loo, at Turin and Rome, where in 1738 he won the Prix de Rome, then at Aix-en-Provence, before returning to Paris in 1745. He was invited to join the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1747, and that year he married his cousin Marie-M...

a French painter of allegorical scenes and portraits. He studied under his father, the painter Jean-Baptiste van Loo, at Turin and Rome, where in 1738 he won the Prix de Rome, then at Aix-en-Provence, before returning to Paris in 1745. He was invited to join the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1747, and that year he married his cousin Marie-Marguerite Lebrun, daughter of the painter Michel Lebrun (died 1753). He was the author of the only known real-life portrait of the Marquis de Sade. Among his brothers were the painters François van Loo (1708–1732) and Louis-Michel van Loo (1707–1771).

a French subject painter, son of the painter Louis-Abraham van Loo, a younger brother of Jean-Baptiste van Loo and grandson of Jacob van Loo. He was the most famous member of a successful dynasty of painters of Dutch origin. His oeuvre includes every category: religion, history painting, mythology, portraiture, allegory, and genre scenes. By his simplicity o...

a French subject painter, son of the painter Louis-Abraham van Loo, a younger brother of Jean-Baptiste van Loo and grandson of Jacob van Loo. He was the most famous member of a successful dynasty of painters of Dutch origin. His oeuvre includes every category: religion, history painting, mythology, portraiture, allegory, and genre scenes. By his simplicity of style and correctness of design, the result of his study of the great Italian masters, he did much to purify the modern French school; but the contemporary praise that was lavished upon his productions now appears undue and excessive.

a painter of the Dutch Golden Age, chiefly active in Amsterdam and, after 1660, in Paris. Van Loo is known for his conversational groupings; particularly his mythological and biblical scenes generally attributed to the genre of History painting. He was especially celebrated for the quality of his nudes to the extent that, during his lifetime, particularly hi...

a painter of the Dutch Golden Age, chiefly active in Amsterdam and, after 1660, in Paris. Van Loo is known for his conversational groupings; particularly his mythological and biblical scenes generally attributed to the genre of History painting. He was especially celebrated for the quality of his nudes to the extent that, during his lifetime, particularly his female figures were said to have been considered superior and more popular than those of his Amsterdam contemporary and competitor Rembrandt. In 1663, three years after fleeing to Paris, Jacob van Loo was accepted into the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture.

a French subject and portrait painter. He was patronized by the prince of Carignan, who sent him to Rome, where he studied under Benedetto Luti. He was much employed painting for churches in Rome, and in particular executed a greatly praised Scourging of Christ for the church of Santa Maria in Monticelli. At Turin he painted Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savo...

a French subject and portrait painter. He was patronized by the prince of Carignan, who sent him to Rome, where he studied under Benedetto Luti. He was much employed painting for churches in Rome, and in particular executed a greatly praised Scourging of Christ for the church of Santa Maria in Monticelli. At Turin he painted Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy and several members of his court. Then, moving to Paris, where he was elected a member of the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, he executed various altar-pieces and restored the works of Francesco Primaticcio at Fontainebleau.

a French painter. He studied under his father, the painter Jean-Baptiste van Loo, at Turin and Rome, and he won a prize at the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in Paris in 1725. With his uncle, the painter Charles-André van Loo, he went to Rome in 1727–1732, and in 1736 he became court painter to Philip V of Spain at Madrid, where he was a fou...

a French painter. He studied under his father, the painter Jean-Baptiste van Loo, at Turin and Rome, and he won a prize at the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in Paris in 1725. With his uncle, the painter Charles-André van Loo, he went to Rome in 1727–1732, and in 1736 he became court painter to Philip V of Spain at Madrid, where he was a founder-member of the Academy in 1752. He returned to Paris in 1753, and painted many portraits of Louis XV of France. In 1765 he succeeded Charles-André as director of the special school of the French academy known as the École Royale des Élèves Protégés. In 1766 he made the portrait of the Portuguese statesman Sebastião de Melo, Marquis of Pombal.

a Flemish Baroque painter. Theodoor van Loon traveled twice to Italy, from 1602 to 1608 and from 1628 to 1629. He is known as a follower of Caravaggio. Together with Wenzel Coebergher he completed commissions for Albert VII, Archduke of Austria and his wife Infanta ...

a Flemish Baroque painter. Theodoor van Loon traveled twice to Italy, from 1602 to 1608 and from 1628 to 1629. He is known as a follower of Caravaggio. Together with Wenzel Coebergher he completed commissions for Albert VII, Archduke of Austria and his wife Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain. He also completed commissions for churches in the region of Brussels, and made an altarpiece for the Basilica of Our Lady of Scherpenheuvel (Mariataferelen, 1623–28).

a Flemish painter, poet, art historian and art theoretician, who established himself in the Dutch Republic in the latter part of his life. He is mainly remembered as a biographer of Early Netherlandish painters and Northern Renaissance artists in his Schilder-boeck. As an artist and art theoretician he played a significant role in the spread and development ...

a Flemish painter, poet, art historian and art theoretician, who established himself in the Dutch Republic in the latter part of his life. He is mainly remembered as a biographer of Early Netherlandish painters and Northern Renaissance artists in his Schilder-boeck. As an artist and art theoretician he played a significant role in the spread and development of Northern Mannerism in the Dutch Republic.

a Dutch Golden Age painter and draftsman. He registered as a member of the Guild of St. Luke in The Hague in 1625. Devoting himself first to still lifes, he eventually took up portraiture, in which he achieved such success that the many commissions entrusted to him necessitated the employment of numerous assistants, by whom hundreds of portraits were turned ...

a Dutch Golden Age painter and draftsman. He registered as a member of the Guild of St. Luke in The Hague in 1625. Devoting himself first to still lifes, he eventually took up portraiture, in which he achieved such success that the many commissions entrusted to him necessitated the employment of numerous assistants, by whom hundreds of portraits were turned out in factory fashion. Today over 500 paintings are or have been attributed to him. The works that can with certainty be ascribed to his own brush are remarkable for their sincerity, severe drawing and harmonious color, but comparatively few of the two thousand or more portraits that bear his name are wholly his own handiwork.

a Flemish painter known for his history paintings of religious subject matter, and to a lesser extent for his allegorical compositions, genre scenes and portraits. His style was profoundly influenced by Rubens, Abraham Janssens and Artus Wolffort. He was court painter to the King and Queen of France. Pieter van Mol was mainly a painter of religious subject m...

a Flemish painter known for his history paintings of religious subject matter, and to a lesser extent for his allegorical compositions, genre scenes and portraits. His style was profoundly influenced by Rubens, Abraham Janssens and Artus Wolffort. He was court painter to the King and Queen of France. Pieter van Mol was mainly a painter of religious subject matter, and to a lesser extent, of stories from Antiquity. He also painted portraits and allegorical compositions. He further created genre scenes, but these are only known from reproductive prints and contemporary records.

a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter. There is little additional information available about the details of his life. According to the RKD he is often confused with Jacob van Musscher, a pupil of Karel van Mander and the grandfather of Michiel van Musscher. H...

a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter. There is little additional information available about the details of his life. According to the RKD he is often confused with Jacob van Musscher, a pupil of Karel van Mander and the grandfather of Michiel van Musscher. He was a landscape painter who worked in Haarlem during the years 1635-1645.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Van Musscher was born in Emden. According to Karel van Mander who called him Iaques de Mosscher, he lived in Delft while he was writing, and was experienced and able in all forms of art. According to the RKD he was also a pupil of ...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Van Musscher was born in Emden. According to Karel van Mander who called him Iaques de Mosscher, he lived in Delft while he was writing, and was experienced and able in all forms of art. According to the RKD he was also a pupil of Karel van Mander, and he was the grandfather of Michiel van Musscher. He became a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke in 1593 as Jacques Musschaert, and was married in Januari 1603 in Delft. He died in Delft. He may have been the father of the landscape painter Jacob van Moscher of Haarlem.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. According to Houbraken, he showed a talent for drawing at a young age, and had many teachers, of which he kept a record. His first teacher was Martinus Saeghmolen in 1660 for two months, and in 1661, he took lessons from Abraham van den Tempel. In 1665 he took seven lessons with Gabriel Metsu, and in 1667 he spent three months in ...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. According to Houbraken, he showed a talent for drawing at a young age, and had many teachers, of which he kept a record. His first teacher was Martinus Saeghmolen in 1660 for two months, and in 1661, he took lessons from Abraham van den Tempel. In 1665 he took seven lessons with Gabriel Metsu, and in 1667 he spent three months in Haarlem to take lessons with Adriaen van Ostade. Though his entire education spanned several years, Houbraken was astonished that he became so skilled with so few hours of professional study, and concludes that he must have had a great natural talent that he practiced extensively on his own.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Van Nickelen was born and died in Haarlem. According to Houbraken he painted church interiors in the manner of Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet. Houbraken mentioned him in relation to his son, the landscape painter Jan van Nickelen. ...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Van Nickelen was born and died in Haarlem. According to Houbraken he painted church interiors in the manner of Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet. Houbraken mentioned him in relation to his son, the landscape painter Jan van Nickelen. According to the RKD in 1660 he became master of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke and was successful with his paintings of church interiors, but he lived to a great age and went bankrupt near the end of his life in 1698.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. According to Houbraken he learned to paint from his father Isaak van Nickelen, who taught him perspective and who sent him to school to learn Latin and French. He was very inventive and discovered an innovation in textile produc...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. According to Houbraken he learned to paint from his father Isaak van Nickelen, who taught him perspective and who sent him to school to learn Latin and French. He was very inventive and discovered an innovation in textile production, which he was unable to exploit due to lack of funds. He also invented a new type of hard varnish, which he used in the production of chassinets, a painted silk backdrop for shadow plays and room screen decorations. His chassinets were popular with Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, whom he met through his Amsterdam friend Herman van der Mijn and Jan Frans van Douven.

a Flemish painter and draughtsman and one of the teachers of Peter Paul Rubens. Van Noort painted mainly paintings of religious subjects and portraits. He collaborated with Marten de Vos and Ambrosius Francken on the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Archduke Ernest of Austria in 1594. Originally working in the Mannerist style of the aforementioned two art...

a Flemish painter and draughtsman and one of the teachers of Peter Paul Rubens. Van Noort painted mainly paintings of religious subjects and portraits. He collaborated with Marten de Vos and Ambrosius Francken on the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Archduke Ernest of Austria in 1594. Originally working in the Mannerist style of the aforementioned two artists, he developed his own style which was a transformation of Frans Floris’ Romanism executed on a smaller scale (such as in the The preaching of John the Baptist, 1601). The Last Supper, a collaboration with Willem Key, is another good example of his style with its strong movement within a diagonal composition. Later, with the arrival in his workshop and under the influence of Jacob Jordaens, he adopted some of the dynamism and monumentality of the Baroque into his work.

a Flemish Renaissance painter. Lambert was born in Amersfoort. According to Houbraken he was an important painter and architect who became the father of the painter Adam van Noort. In 1547 he became a member of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke. Houbraken took his information from more

a Flemish Renaissance painter. Lambert was born in Amersfoort. According to Houbraken he was an important painter and architect who became the father of the painter Adam van Noort. In 1547 he became a member of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke. Houbraken took his information from Karel van Mander, who called him Lambrecht van Oort. According to the RKD he was a painter in oils as well as a draughtsman of stained glass window designs. He died in Antwerp.