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When you've got a lot of people together, it makes sense to pick someone to be in charge. As exploration expanded, individuals were chosen to oversee colonies and settlements. This section highlights those men (and some women), as well as the leaders and attendant ruling class -- nobles, peerage, wannabes and hangers-on --back home.
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Lionel Sackville

aka: 1st Duke of Dorset
bornactivedied
1688, Jan 181730-17551765, Oct 10
an English political leader and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Dorset served twice as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, from 1731 to 1737 and again from 1751 to 1755. In 1739, at the foundation of the Foundling Hospital, he was one of that charity's original governors. His first term as Lord Lieutenant was uneventful. His second took place at a time of acute politica...
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Richard Sackville [1]

borndied
1507 ca1566, Apr 21
of Ashburnham and Buckhurst in Sussex and Westenhanger in Kent; was an English administrator and Member of Parliament. He was under-treasurer of the exchequer, chancellor of the Court of Augmentations, Escheator of Surrey and Sussex in 1541–42 and was made custos rotulorum of Sussex in 1549 (till his death) and is the first listed Lord Lieutenant of that c...
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Richard Sackville [2]

aka: 3rd Earl of Dorset
borndied
1589, Mar 181624, Mar 28
the son of Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset. Born at Charterhouse, London, Sackville was styled Lord Buckhurst from 1608 until 1609, when he succeeded his father as Earl of Dorset and inherited the family home of Knole House. During the years 1612–24 Sackville served as a Lord Lieutenant of Sussex. Sackville is perhaps best remembered as the first husb...
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Sakayengwaraton

aka: John Smoke Johnson
bornactivedied
17921810s1886
a Mohawk leader in Canada. After Johnson fought for the British Crown in the War of 1812, he was honored by his tribal council as a "Pine Tree Chief", a non-hereditary position. He was influential in the Mohawk and British communities of Ontario, Canada.
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Emperor Sakuramachi

aka: Teruhito
bornactivedied
unknown1735-1747unknown
the 115th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Sakuramachi's reign spanned the years from 1735 through 1747. He was said to be the reincarnation of Prince Shotoku. With the support of Tokugawa Yoshimune, he worked for the restoration of Imperial rites, bringing back the Daij?sai ( the first ceremonial rice-offering by a newly e...
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Antoine Christophe Saliceti

aka: Antonio Cristoforo, Antoniu Cristufaru
borndied
1757, Aug 261809, Dec 23
a French politician and diplomat of the Revolution and First Empire. On account of his friendship with Maximilien Robespierre, Saliceti was denounced by the Thermidorian Reaction and was saved only by the amnesty of the French Directory. In 1796 Salice...
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Cross-listed in Military

Diego de Salinas

aka: Salinas y Rodríguez de Villarroel
borndied
1649, Aug 31720, Nov 27
the last Spanish Governor of Gibraltar. He held the post when The Rock was captured by an Anglo-Dutch fleet in August 1704. In 1685, Salinas y Rodríguez served as the field marshal of the Spanish infantry in Pamplona, and he requested admission into the Order of Santiago. This request was accepted after a thorough investigation of his ancestry. In Pamplona,...
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John Salomonsz

bornactivedied
unknown1690sunknown
elected chief of Sint Eustatius in the Caribbean Netherlands on May 31, 1696...
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Cross-listed in Commerce

Francis Salvador

borndied
17471776, Aug 1
a young English plantation owner in the colony of South Carolina from the Sephardic Jewish community of London; in 1774 he was the first Jew to be elected to public office in the colonies when chosen for the Provincial Congress. He had joined the independence cause and in 1776 was the first Jew killed in the American Revolutionary War, fighting with the mili...
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Cross-listed in Naval

Francisco Jose de Sampaio e Castro

aka: Francisco José
borndied
16751723, Jul 13
a colonial Portuguese administrator, being the 40th viceroy of India and 66th Governor of India. In 1698, he married Jerónima de Bourbon, daughter of Antonio de Almeida Portugal, 2nd Earl of Avintes, and sister of the Lisbon patriarch Thomas Almeida, of Luís de Almeida Portugal, 3rd Earl of Avintes and Lourenço Almeida. He died of sudden death in the Pala...
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Timeline (1)


Cross-listed in Military

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

aka: Antonio López, Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón
borndied
1794, Feb 211876, Jun 21
sometimes called "the Napoleon of the West", was a Mexican criollo who fought to defend royalist New Spain and then for Mexican independence. He served as a Mexican politician and general. He greatly influenced early Mexican politics and government, and was a skilled soldier and cunning politician, who dominated Mexican history in the first half of the ninet...
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Cross-listed in Commerce

Daniel Sargent Jr.

bornactivedied
1764, Jan 151780s-1820s1842, Apr 2
a successful American merchant and politician in Boston, Massachusetts. He was a successful merchant in Gloucester and later in Boston; he was a director of the Boston Bank from its incorporation in 1802. He was the director and later President of the Boston Marine Insurance Company, a member of the first Board of Trustees of the Massachusetts General Hospit...
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Cross-listed in Military

Epes Sargent

borndied
1690, Jul 121762, Dec 6
an American soldier and landowner from Gloucester, Massachusetts. He served as a colonel of militia before the Revolutionary War and was a justice of the general session court for more than thirty years. In 1744, he was Gloucester's representative in the General Court of Massachusetts. His grandchildren included Daniel Sargent (1764–1842), a politician who...
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Cross-listed in Military

John Sargent

borndied
1750, Dec 241824, Jan 24
an American Loyalist during American Revolution who was exiled to Canada where he became a politician. Sargent, a Methodist merchant, was the very first signatory among the Salem Addressers of Governor Thomas Gage on his arrival in Salem in 1774, and thus during the American Revolution he was proscribed and exiled in the Banishment Act of the State of Massac...
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Cross-listed in Writers

Domingo Sarmiento

borndied
1811, Feb 151888, Sep 11
an Argentine activist, intellectual, writer, statesman and the seventh President of Argentina. His writing spanned a wide range of genres and topics, from journalism to autobiography, to political philosophy and history. He was a member of a group of intellectuals, known as the Generation of 1837, who had a great influence on nineteenth-century Argentina. He...
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Sassacus

aka: Sassakusu
borndied
1560 ca1637, Jun
a Pequot sachem, and he became grand sachem after sachem Tatobem was killed in 1632. The Mohegans led by sachem Uncas rebelled against domination by the Pequots. Sassacus and the Pequots were defeated by the English along with their Narragansett and Mohegan allies in the Pequot War. Sassacus fled to what he thought was safety among the Iroquois Mohawks in pr...
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Cross-listed in Writers

George Savile

aka: 1st Marquess of Halifax
borndied
1633, Nov 111695, Apr 5
an English statesman, writer, and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1660, and in the House of Lords after he was raised to the peerage in 1668. Halifax's speeches have not been preserved, and his political writings on this account have all the greater value. The Character of a Trimmer (1684 or 1685) was his most ambitious production, written seem...
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Edmund Scarborough

aka: Scarburgh
bornactivedied
1617, Sep1642-16711671
an influential early settler of Virginia and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses from 1642 to 1671. Scarborough was one of the most prominent of the early English settlers of the Accomac Shire of the Virginia Colony, now the Eastern Shore of Virginia. In April 1651, Scarborough led a raid of some fifty men, on the nearby Pocomoke Indian village along t...
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Cross-listed in Inventors

Pavel Schilling

aka: Paul
bornactivedied
1786, Apr 51810s-18371837, Jul 25
a diplomat of Baltic German origin employed in the service of Russia in Germany, and who built a pioneering electrical telegraph. It consisted of a single needle system which used a telegraph code to indicate the characters in a message. Schilling's first electromagnetic telegraph cable line was set up in his apartment in St Petersburg. In 1832, Schilling de...
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Gerrit Schimmelpenninck

borndied
1794, Feb 251863, Oct 4
a Dutch businessman and statesman, whose views ranged from liberal to conservative. He was the son of Grand Pensionary Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck and a member of the Dutch Reformed Church. After other functions, among which chief of the Nederlandsche Handelmaatschappij, he became head of secretary in Saint-Petersburg and later in London. The primary reason ...
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Cross-listed in Military

Philip Schuyler

bornactivedied
1733, Nov 101761-17981804, Nov 18
a general in the American Revolution and a United States Senator from New York. He is usually known as Philip Schuyler, while his son is usually known as Philip J. Schuyler. Schuyler was elected to the Continental Congress in 1775, and served until he was a...
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Cross-listed in Military

Philip J. Schuyler

bornactivedied
1768, Jan 211796-18191835, Feb 21
an American politician from New York. Schuyler lived in Rhinebeck, where he managed farms and estates throughout upstate New York which were owned by his and his wife's families. Schuyler served in the New York Militia and attained the rank of major before resigning in 1799. He was a member of the New York State Assembly, serving in the 21st New York State L...
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Chief Seattle

borndied
1780 ca1866
a Dkhw'Duw'Absh (Duwamish) chief. A prominent figure among his people, he pursued a path of accommodation to white settlers, forming a personal relationship with David Swinson "Doc" Maynard. The city of Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington, was named after him. A widely publicized speech arguing in favor of ecological responsibility and respect of Native...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Selim I

bornactivedied
1465/66/70, Oct 101512-15201520, Sep 22
the Sultan and Caliph (Sunni Islam) of the Ottoman Empire/Caliphate from 1512 to 1520. His reign is notable for the enormous expansion of the Empire, particularly his conquest between 1516 and 1517 of the entire Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, which included all of Sham, Hejaz, Tihamah, and Egypt itself. He was also granted the title of "Khâdim ül Haramain ish ...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Selim II

bornactivedied
1524, May 281566-15741574, Dec 12/15
the Sultan and Caliph (Sunni Islam) of the Ottoman Empire/Caliphate from 1566 until his death in 1574. Selim II became the first Sultan devoid of active military interest and willing to abandon power to his ministers, provided he was left free to pursue his orgies and debauches. His Grand Vizier, Mehmed Sokollu, from what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina, cont...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Selim III

bornactivedied
1761, Dec 241789-18071808, Jul 28
the reform-minded Sultan and Islam Caliph of the Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807. The Janissaries eventually deposed and imprisoned him, and placed his cousin Mustafa on the throne as Mustafa IV. Selim was killed by a group of assassins subsequently after a Janissary revolt.
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Cross-listed in Military

John Sevier

borndied
1745, Sep 231815, Sep 24
an American soldier, frontiersman and politician, and one of the founding fathers of the State of Tennessee. He played a leading role, both militarily and politically, in Tennessee's pre-statehood period, and was elected the state's first governor in 1796. Sevier served as a colonel in the Battle of Kings Mountain in 1780, and commanded the frontier militia ...
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Edward Seymour

aka: 1st Duke of Somerset
borndied
1500 ca1552, Jan 22
Lord Protector of England from 1547 until 1549 during the minority of his nephew, King Edward VI (1547-1553). He was the eldest brother of Queen Jane Seymour (d.1537), the third wife of King Henry VIII. When Edward's sister Jane Seymour married King Henry VIII in ...
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Jane Seymour

borndied
1508 ca1537, Oct 24
Queen of England from 1536 to 1537 as the third wife of King Henry VIII. She succeeded Anne Boleyn as queen consort following the latter's execution in May 1536. She...
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Thomas Seymour

aka: 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley
borndied
1508 ca1549, Mar 20
the brother of the English queen Jane Seymour who was the third wife of King Henry VIII and mother of King Edward VI. He was also the fourth husband of Catherine Parr who was the sixth and last wife of Henry VIII. However, he is probably best known for his influenc...
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Ludovico Sforza

borndied
1452, Jul 271508, May 27
Duke of Milan from 1494 until 1499, following the death of his nephew Gian Galeazzo Sforza. A member of the Sforza family, he was the fourth son of Francesco I Sforza. He was famed as a patron of Leonardo da Vinci and other artists, and presided over the fin...
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Cross-listed in Military

Shaka

aka: Shaka kaSenzangakhona, Shaka Zulu
borndied
1787 ca1828, Sep 22
one of the most influential monarchs of the Zulu Kingdom. According to tradition, Shaka was conceived during an act of what began as ukuhlobonga, a form of sexual foreplay without penetration allowed to unmarried couples, also known as "the fun of the roads" (ama hlay endlela), during which the lovers became "carried away". Due to persecution as a result of ...
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William Shaler

borndied
17731833, Mar 29
an American government official who served as a diplomat and confidential agent in several foreign locations, including Algiers, Mexico and Cuba. His mother, Sibbel Warner Shaler, died when he was eight years old, and his father Timothy, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War, died when William was 12. The trustee of Timothy Shaler's estate either embez...
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Moulay Ismail ibn Sharif

bornactivedied
16341672-17271727, Mar 22
the second ruler of the Moroccan Alaouite dynasty. He is also known in his native country as the "Warrior King." He ruled from 1672 to 1727, succeeding his half-brother Moulay Al-Rashid who died after a fall from his horse. At the age of twenty-six, Moulay Ismaïl inherited a country weakened by internal tribal wars and royal successions. After al-Rashid's d...
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Horatio Sharpe

bornactivedied
17181753-17681790
the 22nd proprietary governor of Maryland from 1753 to 1768 under the restored proprietary government of Maryland. He was commissioned in the King's forces in 1745 as a Captain and fought in the Jacobite rising against the Scots. He served with the 20th Regiment of Foot and the Marines. Later he is found in the West Indies as a Lieutenant-Colonel. He served ...
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Cross-listed in Military

Isaac Shelby

bornactivedied
1750, Dec 111774-18181826, Jul 18
the first and fifth Governor of Kentucky and served in the state legislatures of Virginia and North Carolina. He was also, a soldier in Lord Dunmore's War, the American Revolutionary War, and the War of 1812. While governor, he led the Kentucky militia in the Battle of the Thames, an action, that was rewarded with a Congressional Gold Medal. Counties in nine...
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Cross-listed in Legal

Roger Sherman

bornactivedied
1721, Apr 191754-17931793, Jul 23
an early American lawyer and statesman, as well as a Founding Father of the United States. He served as the first mayor of New Haven, Connecticut, and served on the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence, and was also a representative and senator in the new republic. He is the only person to have signed all four great state papers of ...
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Shingas

aka: Shingas the Terrible
bornactivedied
unknown1740-1763unknown
a leader of the Delaware (Lenape) people in the Ohio Country and a noted American Indian warrior on the western frontier during the French and Indian War. Dubbed "Shingas the Terrible" by Anglo-Americans during the war, Shingas led devastating raids against white settlements. The colonial governments of both Pennsylvania and Virginia responded by offering re...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

William Shippen Sr.

borndied
1712, Oct 11801, Nov 4
an American physician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was also a civic and educational leader who represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress. William was born to Joseph Shippen (1679–1741, son of Edward Shippen, governor of Pennsylvania) and Abigail Grosse Shippen (1677–1716) at Philadelphia. Shippen joined the vestrymen who founded the Sec...
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Johannes Siberg

borndied
1740, Oct 141817, Jun 18
Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1801 to 1805, during which time control of the Dutch Indies passed from the Dutch East India Company (VOC) to the Napoleonic Dutch State in the guise of the Batavian Republic (later superseded by the Kingdom of Holland) which took over much of Dutch territory and broke their monopoly of trade. Local kings and pr...
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Cross-listed in Writers

Mary Sidney

aka: Mary Herbert, Countess of Pembroke
bornactivedied
1561, Oct 271575-16151621, Sep 25
one of the first English women to achieve a major reputation for her poetry and literary patronage. By the age of 39, she was listed with her brother Philip Sidney, ...
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Cross-listed in MilitaryWriters

Sir Philip Sidney

bornactivedied
1554, Nov 301572-15861586, Oct 17
an English poet, courtier, scholar, and soldier, who is remembered as one of the most prominent figures of the Elizabethan age. His works include Astrophel and Stella, The Defence of Poesy (also known as The Defence of Poetry or An Apology for Poetry), and The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia. Born at Penshurst Place, Kent, he was t...
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King Sigismund II Augustus

borndied
1520, Aug 11572, Jul 7
King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the only son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. Married three times, the last of the Jagiellons remained childless, and through the Union of Lublin introduced an elective monarchy. Sigismund's reign was a period of internal turmoil and external expansion. He saw the introduction of the Pro...
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Sigismund III Vasa

borndied
1566, Jun 201632, Apr 30
King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, monarch of the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632, and King of Sweden (where he is known simply as Sigismund) from 1592 as a composite monarchy until he was deposed in 1599. He was the son of King John III of Sweden and his first wife, Catherine Jagellonica of Poland.
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John Sigismund

aka: Johann, Elector of Brandenburg
borndied
1572, Nov 81619, Dec 23
a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from the House of Hohenzollern. He became the Duke of Prussia through his marriage to Duchess Anna, the eldest daughter of Duke Albert Frederick of Prussia who died without sons. Their marriage resulted in the creation of Brandenburg-Prussia.
Timeline (1)Links (1)


Sigismund Francis

bornactivedied
1630, Nov 271662-16651665, Jun 25
the ruler of Further Austria including Tyrol from 1662 to 1665. In 1662 he was put forth by his cousin Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor as a candidate for Archbishop of Strasbourg. This included large cash incentives to the cathedral chapter and a promise that Sigismund would be a very hands off ruler. After the 1662 death of his brother Archduke Ferdinand Char...
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Cross-listed in Military

John Graves Simcoe

borndied
1752, Feb 251806, Oct 26
a British Army general and the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada from 1791 until 1796, in modern-day southern Ontario and the watersheds of Georgian Bay and Lake Superior. He founded York (now Toronto) and was instrumental in introducing institutions such as courts of law, trial by jury, English common law, freehold land tenure, and the abolition of ...
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Cross-listed in Legal

James Smith [2]

bornactivedied
1719, Sep 171740s-17851806, Jul 11
an American lawyer and a signer to the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Pennsylvania. He studied law at the office of his brother George and was admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania, initially practicing near Shippensburg, and later near York. He was appointed to the provincial convention in Philadelphia in 1775, to the state c...
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Cross-listed in Military

John III Sobieski

aka: Jan, Jonas, Ioannes
borndied
1629, Aug 171696, Jun 17
from 1674 until his death King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Sobieski's military skill, demonstrated in wars against the Ottoman Empire, contributed to his prowess as King of Poland. Sobieski's 22-year reign marked a period of the Commonwealth's stabilization, much needed ...
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Zenon de Somodevilla

aka: Zenón, 1st Marqués de la Ensenada
borndied
1702, Apr 201781, Dec 2
a Spanish statesman. Little is known of Somodevilla's parents, Francisco de Somodevilla and his wife, Francisca de Bengoechea, nor is anything known of his own life prior to entering the civil administration of the Spanish navy as a clerk in 1720. He served in administrative capacities in Ceuta in that year and in the reoccupation of Oran in 1731. His abilit...
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Cross-listed in Writers

Songyun

borndied
17521835
a military governor during the Qing dynasty of Imperial China, from 1802-1809. He was an amban of Xinjiang, Guangdong, and Tibet. In Xinjiang, he was responsible for the compilation of a gazeteer of the area, using the services of officials exiled to the frontier area, including Wang Tingkai, Qi Yunshi and Xu Song.
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Sophia of Hanover

aka: Sophia of the Palatinate
borndied
1630, Oct 141714, Jun 8
the Electress of Hanover from 1692 to 1698. As a granddaughter of James VI and I, she became heir presumptive to the crowns of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland under the Act of Settlement 1701. After the Act of Union, 1707, she became heir presumptive to the unified throne of the Kingdom of Great Britain. She died less than two months before...
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Sophia Charlotte of Hanover

borndied
1668, Oct 301705, Feb 1
the first Queen consort in Prussia as wife of King Frederick I. She was the only daughter of Elector Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg and his wife Sophia of the Palatinate. Her eldest brother George Louis succeeded to the British throne in 1714 as King George I.
Timeline (1)Links (1)


Sophia Dorothea of Celle

aka: of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle
borndied
1666, Sep 151726, Nov 13
the repudiated wife of future King George I of Great Britain, and mother of George II. The union with her first cousin was an arranged marriage of state, instigated by the machinations of his mother, Electress Sophia of Hanover. She is best remembered for her alleged affair with Philip Christoph von Königsmarck that led to her being imprisoned in the Castle...
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Princess Sophie of the Netherlands

aka: Wilhelmine Marie Sophie Louise
borndied
1824, Apr 81897, Mar 23
the only daughter and last surviving child of King William II of the Netherlands and of his wife Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia. She was heir presumptive to her niece, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, for seven years, from the death of her brother until her own death. Princess Sophie married her first cousin, Charles Alexander, Hereditary Grand Du...
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Cross-listed in Commerce

Jacques Specx

borndied
15851652, Jul 22
a Dutch merchant, who founded the trade on Japan and Korea in 1609. Jacques Specx received the support of William Adams to obtain extensive trading rights from Tokugawa Ieyasu, the Shogun emeritus, on August 24, 1609, which allowed him to establish a trading factory in Hirado on September 20, 1609. He was the interim governor in Batavia between 1629 - 1632. ...
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Timeline (1)Links (2)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in Writers

Cornelis Speelman

borndied
1628, Mar 21684, Jan 11
Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1681 to 1684. In his 16th year, he left aboard the Hillegersberg for the Indies. He was employed as an Assistant in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). In 1645 he arrived in Batavia, Dutch East Indies. He became Bookkeeper in 1648 and Underbuyer in 1649. He became Secretary (secretaris) to the Dut...
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Cross-listed in Military

Ambrogio Spinola

aka: 1st Marquis of the Balbases, Grandee of Spain
borndied
15691630, Sep 25
a Genoese aristocrat, and Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece and of the Order of Santiago, who served as a Spanish general winning a number of important battles for the Spanish Crown. He is often called "Ambrosio" by Spanish speaking people and is considered one of the greatest military commanders of his time and in the history of the Spanish army.
Timeline (5)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Military

Arthur St. Clair

borndied
1736, Mar 231818, Aug 31
a Scottish-American soldier and politician. Born in Thurso, Scotland, he served in the British Army during the French and Indian War before settling in Pennsylvania, where he held local office. During the American Revolutionary War, he rose to the rank of major general in the Continental Army, but lost his command after a controversial retreat from Fort Tico...
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Cross-listed in ExplorersMilitary

Myles Standish

aka: Miles
bornactivedied
1584 ca1603-16561656, Oct 3
an English military officer hired by the Pilgrims as military adviser for Plymouth Colony. He accompanied the Pilgrims on their journey on the Mayflower and subsequently Standish played a leading role in the administration and defense of Plymouth Colony from its inception. On February 17, 1621, the Plymouth Colony militia elected him as its first commander a...
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Cross-listed in Military

James Stanhope

aka: 1st Earl Stanhope
borndied
1673 ca1721, Feb 5
a British statesman and soldier who effectively served as Chief Minister between 1717 and 1721. He is probably best remembered for his service during the War of the Spanish Succession. He was also the first British Governor of Minorca, which he had captured from the Spanish, between 1708 and 1711.
Timeline (1)Links (1)


James Stanihurst

borndied
unknown1753
for three terms Speaker of the Irish House of Commons. He was also the first judge to hold the position of Recorder of Dublin. In 1570 he recommended to Parliament, in a speech which he delivered at the prorogation, a system of national education for Ireland, proposing the establishment of grammar schools throughout the country. At the same time he suggested...
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Cross-listed in Writers

Richard Steele

bornactivedied
1672, Mar1697-17241729, Sep 1
an Irish writer and politician, remembered as co-founder, with his friend Joseph Addison, of the magazine The Spectator. Steele's first published work, The Christian Hero (1701), attempted to point out the differences between perceived and actual...
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Timeline (3)Links (8)


Cross-listed in Military

Gustaf Otto Stenbock

borndied
1614, Sep 71685, Sep 24
a Swedish soldier and politician. He was son of Friherre Gustav Eriksson Stenbock (1575–1629) and Countess Beata Margareta Brahe (1583–1645), born in Torpa, Länghem parish, Tranemo Municipality, Västergötland, Sweden. He was appointed commanding officer of the Kronoberg Regiment in 1637, Major General in 1643, Privy Councilor in 1652, Field Marshal in...
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Cross-listed in Commerce

John Stevens Jr.

borndied
1715 ca1792, May 10
a prominent colonial American landowner, merchant, and politician. With his brother Richard, he owned mercantile vessels and commanded them on voyages to Madeira and the Caribbean between 1739 and 1743. Stevens was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly in 1751. He served as paymaster of the 1st New Jersey Regiment (the "Jersey Blues") under Colonel Pet...
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James Stewart

aka: 1st Earl of Moray
borndied
1531 ca1570, Jan 23
a member of the House of Stewart as the illegitimate son of King James V, was Regent of Scotland for his half-nephew, the infant King James VI, from 1567 until his assassination in 1570. Moray was assassinated in Linlithgow on 23 January 1570 by James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, a supporter of Mary. As Moray was passing in a cavalcade in the main street below...
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John Stewart

aka: Duke of Albany
borndied
1481/841536, Jul 2
Regent of the Kingdom of Scotland, Duke of Albany in peerage of Scotland and Count of Auvergne and Lauraguais in France. Albany was called to assume the regency (or guardianship) in 1514 when the infant king's mother, Dowager Queen Margaret married again to the Scottish noble, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, who led his own faction in Scotland and was ...
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Timeline (2)Links (1)


Matthew Stewart [1]

aka: 4th Earl of Lennox
borndied
1516, Sep 211571, Sep 4
the fourth Earl of Lennox, and a leader of the Catholic nobility in Scotland. He was the son of John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox. His grandson was James VI of Scotland. He spent most of his youth in exile in England, but returned to Scotland to assert his claims to the line of succession when James V died in 1542. At the time of the king's death in 1542, Len...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

Richard Stockton

bornactivedied
1730, Oct 11754-17811781, Feb 28
an American lawyer, jurist, legislator, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Stockton was admitted to the bar in 1754 and soon rose to great distinction. In 1763 he received the degree of sergeant at law, the highest degree of law at that time. In 1768, Stockton had his first taste of government service when he was elevated to a seat in the New J...
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Links (1)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in Naval

Robert F. Stockton

borndied
1795, Aug 201866, Oct 7
a United States Navy commodore, notable in the capture of California during the Mexican–American War but also for causing the USS Princeton disaster of 1844. He was a naval innovator and an early advocate for a propeller-driven, steam-powered navy. Stockton was from a notable political family and also served as a U.S. Senator from New Jersey.
Timeline (1)Links (9)


John Stone [2]

bornactivedied
unknown1650sunknown
an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1653 and 1659. In 1653, Stone was elected Member of Parliament for City of London in the Barebones Parliament. He was a trustee for the Lord Mayor and commonalty of London in 1653. In 1654 he was elected MP for Cirencester in the First Protectorate Parliament. He was one of the three Tellers of th...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Military

John Hoskins Stone

borndied
1750 ca1804, Oct 5
an American planter, soldier, and politician from Charles County, Maryland. During the Revolutionary War he led the 1st Maryland Regiment of the Continental Army. After the war he served in the state legislature and was the seventh Governor from 1794 to 1797. In 1775, Stone joined the newly organized Maryland Battalion led by Colonel William Smallwood as a L...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

Thomas Stone

bornactivedied
17431764-17851787, Oct 5
an American planter and lawyer who signed the United States Declaration of Independence as a delegate for Maryland. He later worked on the committee that formed the Articles of Confederation in 1777. He acted as President of Congress for a short time in 1784. As the American Revolution neared, Stone joined the Committee of correspondence for Charles County. ...
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Links (13)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in Commerce

Joseph Strutt [2]

borndied
1765, Sept1844, Jan 13
an English businessman and philanthropist, whose wealth came from the family textile business. A native of Derby, Strutt was a radical social reformer who made significant donations and founded several important institutions in the town, including donating the land for the creation of Derby Arboretum, England's first urban public park. He twice served as May...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Military

Charles Edward Stuart

aka: The Young Pretender, The Young Chevalier, Bonnie Prince Charlie, Charles III
bornactivedied
1720, Dec 311743-17831788, Jan 31
the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland from the death of his father in 1766. This claim was as the eldest son of James Francis Edward Stuart, himself the son of James VII and II. Charles is perhaps best known as the instigator of the unsuccessful Jacobite uprising of 1745, in which he led an insurrection to rest...
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Timeline (33)Links (16)


Elizabeth Stuart

bornactivedied
1596, Aug 191613-16231662, Feb 13
Electress of the Palatinate and briefly Queen of Bohemia as the wife of Frederick V of the Palatinate. Due to her husband’s reign in Bohemia lasting for just one winter, Elizabeth is often referred to as The Winter Queen. With the demise of t...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Henry Stuart

aka: Lord Darnley, Henry Stewart, Duke of Albany
borndied
1545, Dec 71567, Feb 10
king consort of Scotland from 1565 until his murder at Kirk o' Field in 1567. Many contemporary narratives describing his life and death refer to him as Lord Darnley, his title as heir apparent to the Earldom of Lennox, and it is by this appellation that he is now generally known. Darnley was well educated and brought up conscious of his status and inherita...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


James Francis Edward Stuart

aka: James III of England, James VIII of Scotland, Old Pretender
borndied
1688, Jun 101766, Jan 1
the son of the deposed James II of England and Ireland, VII of Scotland. As such, he claimed the English, Scottish and Irish thrones (as James III of England and Ireland and James VIII of Scotland) from the death of his father in 1701, when he was recognised as king of England, Scotland and Ireland by his cousin more
Timeline (5)Links (1)


John Stuart

aka: 3rd Earl of Bute
borndied
1713, May 251792, Mar 10
a Scottish nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain (1762–1763) under George III. He was arguably the last important favourite in British politics. He was the first Prime Minister from Scotland following the Acts of Union in 1707. During the Jacobit...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Writers

Mary Stuart

aka: Mary, Queen of Scots, Mary I of Scotland
bornactivedied
1542, Dec 81558-15871587, Feb 8
reigned over Scotland from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567. As Mary was an infant when she inherited the throne, Scotland was ruled by regents until she became an adult. From the outset, there were two claims to the Regency: one from Catholic Cardinal David Beaton<...
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Timeline (16)Links (22)


Peter Stuyvesant

aka: Pieter, Petrus
borndied
16101672
the last Dutch director-general of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664, after which it was renamed New York. He was a major figure in the early history of New York City and his name has been given to various landmarks and points of interest throughout the city (e.g. Stuyvesant High School, Stuyvesant...
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Timeline (5)Links (1)


Cross-listed in ClergyWriters

Suleiman I

aka: the Magnificent
bornactivedied
1494, Nov 61520-15661566, Sep 7
the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan and Caliph (Sunni Islam) of the Ottoman Empire/Caliphate, from 1520 to his death in 1566. Suleiman became a prominent monarch of 16th-century Europe, presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's military, political, and economic power. Suleiman personally led Ottoman armies in conquering the Christian strongholds as ...
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Timeline (12)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Suleiman II

bornactivedied
1642, Apr 151687-16911691, Jun 22/23
the Sultan and Caliph (Sunni Islam) of the Ottoman Empire/Caliphate from 1687 to 1691. Immediately after assuming the throne, the Ottomans suffered a devastating defeat at the second Battle of Mohács. Unable to rule effectively himself, Suleiman II shrewdly appointed Köprülü Fazil Mustafa Pasha as his Grand Vizier. Even so, when Russia joined an alliance...
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Links (1)


Charles Sumner

borndied
1811, Jan 61874, Mar 11
an American politician and United States Senator from Massachusetts. As an academic lawyer and a powerful orator, Sumner was the leader of the anti-slavery forces in Massachusetts and a leader of the Radical Republicans in the U.S. Senate during the American Civil War working to destroy the Confederacy, free all the slaves, and keep on good terms with Europe...
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Timeline (2)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Military

Thomas Sumter

borndied
1734, Aug 141832, Jun 1
a soldier in the Colony of Virginia militia; a brigadier general in the South Carolina militia during the American War of Independence, a planter, and a politician. After the United States gained independence, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives and to the United States Senate, where he served from 1801 to 1810, when he retired. Sumt...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)

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