a Spanish general, explorer, author, astronomer, colonial administrator and the first Spanish governor of Louisiana. He became prominent as a scientist and was appointed to serve on various important scientific commissions. He is credited with the establishment of the first museum of natural history, the first metallurgical laboratory in Spain, and the obser...

a Spanish general, explorer, author, astronomer, colonial administrator and the first Spanish governor of Louisiana. He became prominent as a scientist and was appointed to serve on various important scientific commissions. He is credited with the establishment of the first museum of natural history, the first metallurgical laboratory in Spain, and the observatory of Cadiz. He published Relación histórica del viaje á la América Meridional, which contains a full, accurate, and clear description of the greater part of South America geographically, and of its inhabitants and natural history.

a Basque circumnavigator, explorer and Augustinian friar. As a navigator he achieved the "second" world circumnavigation (after the first one led by Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano). Urdaneta discovered and plotted a path across the Pacific fro...

a Basque circumnavigator, explorer and Augustinian friar. As a navigator he achieved the "second" world circumnavigation (after the first one led by Ferdinand Magellan and Juan Sebastián Elcano). Urdaneta discovered and plotted a path across the Pacific from the Philippines to Acapulco in the Viceroyalty of New Spain (present day Mexico) used by the Manila galleons, which came to be known as "Urdaneta's route." He was considered as "protector of the Indians" for his treatment of the Filipino natives; also Cebu and the Philippines' first prelate.